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Experimental study of morphology scaling of a projectile obliquely impacting into loose granular media

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Abstract

The morphology scaling of a spherical projectile obliquely impacting into loose granular media is experimentally investigated. The influences of projectile’s releasing distance, diameter and oblique impact angle are mainly considered. Based on the experimental results, four scaling laws are eventually proposed to describe the variations of the length, width, depth of impact crater and the penetration depth of projectile after impacting. We find that when the impact angle is larger than a critical value, these quantities all exhibit power law dependences on the releasing distance, diameter and impact angle of projectile, which are analogous to that obtained in other similar vertical impacting experiments. It is also observed that once the oblique impact angle exceeds this critical value, the tadpole-shaped impact crater may commonly evolve into an elliptical one. At small impact angles, we find that the scaling laws on both the width and the depth of impact crater are still valid, although the corresponding fitting exponents have slightly deviated from those values at larger impact angles. However, the length of crater and the penetration depth of projectile seem to no longer yield such proposed scaling laws, possibly due to the different physical mechanism induced by the rebounding movements of projectile at small impact angles.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.: 11121202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 11002064) Ministry of Education, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2012-1), and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2013M530434). We are grateful to Dr. Zhengting Wang, Fuqiang Shi, Jiangbo Jin for experiment assistances, and Prof. Youhe Zhou for helpful discussions.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China and Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China

    Dengming Wang & Xiaojing Zheng

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  1. Dengming Wang
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  2. Xiaojing Zheng
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Correspondence to Dengming Wang.

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Wang, D., Zheng, X. Experimental study of morphology scaling of a projectile obliquely impacting into loose granular media. Granular Matter 15, 725–734 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0446-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0446-4

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