Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic properties of convection rolls in a 2D wet vibrated granular bed. A particle tracking method with the help of image-processing technology was used to measure the velocity fields, convection flow rate, and the granular temperatures in the wet vibrated granular bed. This study examines the dynamic behaviors of wet granular materials subjected to external vertical vibration. Different liquid contents, viscosities, and surface tensions were added to glass beads forming cohesive granular materials in the vibrated granular bed. This study presents a systematic investigation of the effects of the addition of liquid content, viscosity, and surface tension on dynamic properties of wet particulates. Results show that the convection flow rate and granular temperature decrease monotonically as the added liquid content and liquid viscosity increase. However, the effects of surface tension on the convection flow rate are more significant at the smaller liquid content than that at a higher liquid content. The convection flow rate also decreases in a power decay as the modified Bond number increases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tegzes, P., Albert, R., Paskvan, M., Barabási, A.-L., Vicsek, T., Schiffer, P.: Liquid-induced transition in granular media. Phys. Rev. E 60, 5823–5826 (1999)
Halsey, T.C., Levine, A.J.: How sandcastles fall. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3141–3144 (1998)
Chou, S.H., Liao, C.C., Hsiau, S.S.: An experimental study on the effect of liquid content and viscosity on particle segregation in a rotating drum. Powder Technol. 201, 266–272 (2010)
Samadani, A., Kudrolli, A.: Angle of repose and segregation in cohesive granular matter. Phys. Rev. E 64, 051301 (2001)
Liao, C.C., Hsiau, S.S., Tsai, T.H., Tai, C.H.: Segregation to mixing in wet granular matter under vibration. Chem. Eng. Sci. 65, 1109–1116 (2010)
Hsiau, S.S., Tai, C.H., Chiang, M.C.: Effect of moisture content on the convection motion of powders in a vibrated bed. Adv. Powder Technol. 15, 673–686 (2004)
Hsiau, S.S., Yang, S.C.: Numerical simulation of self-diffusion and mixing in a vibrated granular bed with the cohesive effect of liquid bridges. Chem. Eng. Sci. 58, 339–351 (2003)
Campbell, C.S.: Rapid granular flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22, 57–92 (1990)
Ogawa, S.: Multi-temperature theory of granular materials. In: Proceedings of US-Japan Seminar on Continuum-Mechanical and Statistical Approaches in the Mechanics of Granular Materials, Tokyo 208 (1978)
Wildman, R.D., Huntley, J.M.: Novel method for measurement of granular temperature distributions in two-dimensional vibro-fluidised beds. Powder Technol. 113, 14–22 (2000)
Tai, C.H., Hsiau, S.S.: Dynamic behaviors of powders in a vibrating bed. Powder Technol. 139, 221–232 (2004)
Hsiau, S.S., Wang, P.C., Tai, C.H.: Convection cells and segregation in a vibrated granular bed. AIChE J. 48, 1430–1438 (2002)
Hsiau, S.S., Shieh, Y.M.: Fluctuations and self-diffusion of sheared granular material flows. J. Rheol. 43, 1049–1066 (1999)
Wassgren, C.R.: Vibration of Granular Materials. Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA (1997)
Hsiau, S.S., Liao, C.C., Sheng, P.Y., Tai, S.C.: Experimental study the influence of bed height on convection cell formation. Exp. Fluids 51, 795–800 (2011)
Knight, J.B., Jaeger, H.M., Nagel, S.R.: Vibration-induced size separation in granular media: the convection connection. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3728–3731 (1993)
Knight, J.B., Ehrichs, E.E., Kuperman, V.Y., Flint, J.K., Jaeger, H.M., Nagel, S.R.: An experimental study of granular convection. Phys. Rev. E 54, 5726–5738 (1996)
Gallas, J.A.C., Herrmann, H.J., Sokolowski, S.: Convection cells in vibrating granular media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1371–1374 (1992)
Hsiau, S.S., Chen, C.H.: Granular convection cells in a vertical shaker. Powder Technol. 111, 210–217 (2000)
Grossman, E.L.: Effects of container geometry on granular convection. Phys. Rev. E 56, 3290–3300 (1997)
Hornbaker, D.J., Albert, R., Albert, I., Barabasi, A.L., Schiffer, P.: What keeps sandcastles standing. Nature 387, 765 (1997)
Kudrolli, A.: Granular matter—sticky sand. Nat. Mater. 7, 174–175 (2008)
Liao, C.C., Hsiau, S.S.: Experimental analysis of dynamic properties in wet sheared granular matter. Powder Technol. 197, 222–229 (2010)
Pitois, O., Moucheront, P., Chateau, X.: Liquid bridge between two moving spheres: an experimental study of viscosity effects. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 231, 26–31 (2000)
Nase, S.T., Vargas, W.L., Abatan, A.A., McCarthy, J.J.: Discrete characterization tools for cohesive granular material. Powder Technol. 116, 214–223 (2001)
Herminghaus, S.: Dynamics of wet granular matter. Adv. Phys. 54, 221–261 (2005)
Albert, R., Albert, I., Hornbaker, D., Schiffer, P., Barabási, A.-L.: Maximum angle of stability in wet and dry spherical granular media. Phys. Rev. E 56, R6271–R6274 (1997)
Geromichalos, D., Kohonen, M.K., Mugele, F., Herminghous, S.: Mixing and condensation in a wet granular medium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 168702 (2003)
Yang, W.L., Hsiau, S.S.: Wet granular materials in sheared flows. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60, 4265–4274 (2005)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Council of the ROC through grant NSC 100-2221-E-008-078-MY3 and NSC 101-3113-E-008-004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hsiau, S.S., Liao, C.C., Tai, C.H. et al. The dynamics of wet granular matter under a vertical vibration bed. Granular Matter 15, 437–446 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0412-1
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0412-1