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Using MR elastography to image the 3D force chain structure of a quasi-static granular assembly

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Abstract

We have developed a magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) technique to experimentally investigate the force chain structure within a densely packed 3D granular assembly. MRE is an MRI technique whereby small periodic displacements within an elastic material are measured. We verified our MRE technique using a gel phantom and then extended the method to image the force carrying chain structure within a 3D granular assembly of particles under an initial pre-stressed condition, on top of which is superimposed a small-amplitude vibration. We find that significant coherent displacements form along force chains, where spin phase accumulates preferentially, allowing visualization. This work represents the first time that the internal force chain structure of a dry assembly of granular solids has been fully acquired in three dimensions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd SE, Suite C-1, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA

    Lori Sanfratello

  2. ABQMR, 2301 Yale Blvd SE, Suite C-2, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA

    Eiichi Fukushima

  3. Department of Physics, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, NC, 27708-0305, USA

    Robert P. Behringer

Authors
  1. Lori Sanfratello
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  2. Eiichi Fukushima
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  3. Robert P. Behringer
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Correspondence to Lori Sanfratello.

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Sanfratello, L., Fukushima, E. & Behringer, R.P. Using MR elastography to image the 3D force chain structure of a quasi-static granular assembly. Granular Matter 11, 1–6 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0112-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-008-0112-4

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