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Warming and Wrack Supply Will Accelerate CO2 Emission and Nutrients Release on Antarctic Sedimentary Shores: A Case Study on a Volcanic Island

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Abstract

The shifts in soil metabolism as a response to warming and wrack subsidies on Antarctic sedimentary shores have not been studied to date. With this aim, macroalgal deposits, as well as inorganic nutrients and CO2 emission were quantified along the shores of Port Foster, on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The results indicated a positive relationship between the amount of wrack supplies and sediment metabolism, measured both as CO2 emission through the sediment surface and as amount of inorganic nutrients released to the interstitial pore water. The effect of warming on algal wrack decay was analyzed in a manipulative field experiment where passive open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to increase soil temperature. By doing this, temperature raised by 0.9°C under patches of the red macroalgae Palmaria decipiens, whereas there was an increase of 2.4°C on bare sand. The results indicated that a small warming accelerated mineralization rates of C, N and P of the algal biomass, without significant changes in the bulk of inorganic nutrients released. Over 12 days of experiment, 8.3% of the total C in algal tissues was released as CO2 in the OTC plots, compared to 6.4% at ambient temperature. CO2 emission in bare sand plots warmed with OTCs was three times the amount measured in the ambient plots. Collembola was the dominant soil fauna, with densities negatively affected by warming and positively related to the organic content of sediment. This study confirms the key role of sandy shores in recycling ocean derived organic matter, highlighting the sensitivity of Antarctic ecosystems to a changing scenario of climate change that predicts significant increases in temperature over the next few decades.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank sincerely the two Reviewers and Editors for their thoughtful comments and efforts toward improving our manuscript. We are very grateful to the crew of the Gabriel de Castilla Antarctic Spanish Base for their collaboration and hospitality during our logistic transport and stay in Deception Island. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Project CTM2013-45697-P.

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  1. Centro de Investigación Mariña, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Mariano Lastra, Jesús López & Jesús S. Troncoso

  2. Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Spain

    Luis Sampedro

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Authors’ contributions: Designed study: ML, JL, JST; Analyzed data: ML, JL, LS; Contributed methods: ML, JL, JST, LS; Wrote the paper: ML, with Editorial inputs from all the authors.

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Lastra, M., López, J., Troncoso, J.S. et al. Warming and Wrack Supply Will Accelerate CO2 Emission and Nutrients Release on Antarctic Sedimentary Shores: A Case Study on a Volcanic Island. Ecosystems 24, 855–874 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00553-0

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