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Linking Improvement of Soil Structure to Soil Carbon Storage Following Invasion by a C4 Plant Spartina alterniflora

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Abstract

Coastal wetlands are increasingly recognized as important ecosystems for long-term carbon (C) storage. However, how soil aggregation mediates C accumulation and sequestration in these ecosystems remains unclear. Using the 13C isotope tracer from the invasion of a C4 plant, Spartina alterniflora, into the native ecosystem originally covered by C3 plants across Eastern Chinese coastal wetlands, we investigated a potential C stabilization process via soil structural protection. We quantified changes in soil aggregates, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), and natural 13C isotope abundance within aggregate fractions across a chronosequence of 0-, 4-, 8-, and 12-year S. alterniflora invasion. Our results showed that soil aggregate stability increased significantly along the chronosequence. Meanwhile, SOC and STN concentrations increased with invasion time in the whole soil and aggregate fractions, which were linked to increasing soil aggregate stability. The contribution of S. alterniflora-derived SOC increased from 18.96 to 40.24% in the 0–20 cm layer and from 4.66 to 32.04% in the 20–40 cm layer across the chronosequence from 4 to 12 years with the highest proportion observed in macro-aggregates. Our results indicate that invasion of S. alterniflora to coastal wetlands can sequester more C largely due to formation and stabilization of soil aggregates by soil structural protection.

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Acknowledgements

This study was carried out at the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, Shanghai. We acknowledge the practical help provided by Dan Wang, Qin Wang, and Haiqiang Guo. We thank Ming Li, Zhenggang Du, Yuanyuan Nie, and Xi Yang for assistance with field work. We would also like to thank anonymous reviewers for their critical comments/suggestions which improved the quality of the manuscript. This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31770559, 31370489, and 31600352), the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and “Thousand Young Talents” Program in China.

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    1. Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China

      Yanghui He, Xuhui Zhou, Weisong Cheng, Lingyan Zhou, Guiyao Zhou, Ruiqiang Liu & Junjiong Shao

    2. Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, The Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China

      Yanghui He & Guodong Zhang

    3. Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA

      Yanghui He, Kai Zhu & Weixin Cheng

    4. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China

      Xuhui Zhou

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    YH, XZ, LZ, and JS designed this experimental study. YH, WC, RL, and GZ performed the research. YH analyzed the data. YH, XZ, KZ, and WC wrote the manuscript, and all authors substantially contributed to the revision.

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    He, Y., Zhou, X., Cheng, W. et al. Linking Improvement of Soil Structure to Soil Carbon Storage Following Invasion by a C4 Plant Spartina alterniflora. Ecosystems 22, 859–872 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0308-3

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