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Recovery Debts Can Be Revealed by Ecosystem Network-Based Approaches

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Abstract

Ecosystems are increasingly disturbed by natural disturbances and human stressors. Understanding how a disturbance can propagate through an entire ecosystem and how induced changes can last after apparent recovery is key to guide management and ecosystem restoration strategies. Monitoring programs and impact assessment studies rely mostly on indicators based only on species relative abundance and biomass, potentially misinforming management efforts. Impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning, and subsequent delivery of ecosystem services, are too often overlooked. Here we use an ecosystem network approach to assess the recovery pathway and potential recovery debts of a coral reef ecosystem, following a pulse disturbance. We show that although species abundance and biomass indicators recovered in a decade after the perturbation, the ecosystem as a whole presented a recovery debt. The ecosystem structure lost complexity (became “food chain like”) and lost about 29% of its overall cycling efficiency and 9% of its transfer efficiency. Although the ecosystem trophic network in the fore reef may have maintained its general functioning, the ecosystem network in the lagoon, not directly exposed to the disturbance, presented a stronger recovery debt. Our results give new insights on how ecosystem network approaches can help identify ecosystem impacts and recovery pathways.

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Acknowledgements

Service d’Observation CORAIL from CRIOBE kindly provided the ecological monitoring data. This work was made possible through financial support from ANR (ANR-14-CE03-0001-01) and Fondation de France (INTHENSE). MC was partially funded by the European Unions Horizon research program grant agreement No 689518 for the MERCES project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France

    Mélodie Dubois & Joachim Claudet

  2. UMR985 Ecologie et santé des écosystèmes, Université Bretagne Loire, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 route de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France

    Didier Gascuel

  3. Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, n°37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Marta Coll

  4. Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Barcelona, Spain

    Marta Coll

  5. Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia

    Joachim Claudet

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  1. Mélodie Dubois
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  2. Didier Gascuel
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  4. Joachim Claudet
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Correspondence to Mélodie Dubois.

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MD and JC planned and designed the research. MD and DG built the models. MD and JC analysed the results. MD, DG, MC and JC wrote the paper.

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Dubois, M., Gascuel, D., Coll, M. et al. Recovery Debts Can Be Revealed by Ecosystem Network-Based Approaches. Ecosystems 22, 658–676 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0294-5

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