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Carbon Accumulation in Neotropical Dry Secondary Forests: The Roles of Forest Age and Tree Dominance and Diversity

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Abstract

Tropical secondary forests are important sinks for atmospheric carbon, yet C uptake and accumulation rates are highly uncertain, and the mechanisms poorly understood. We evaluated the recovery of C stocks in four pools (aboveground biomass, litter, roots and topsoil) during dry forest regrowth by combining a space for time replacement (that is, a chronosequence) with a repeated measurements approach (that is, a resampling). We fit nonlinear models to chronosequence data to test whether forest age could explain differences in C stocks across sites, and to changes in aboveground biomass calculated from resampling over two 3-year periods, to test the predictive potential of forest age. We combined data from both approaches into structural equation models (SEM) to assess forest age and tree community attributes (diversity and dominance) as drivers of C stocks and changes in aboveground biomass. Forest age explained differences across sites in C stocks for aboveground biomass, litter and live roots, but not for the remaining pools. Observed C stock changes in aboveground biomass were poorly predicted by forest age. SEM revealed that aboveground biomass C was consistently and positively related to forest age and to the community weighted mean of maximum tree height (H max CWM), but not to tree diversity. Observed C stock changes were related only to H max CWM, although not consistently across the two 3-year periods. Our results highlight that the chronosequence approach can yield reasonable insights into long-term C accumulation trends, but erroneous estimates of C change over specific time periods. They also show that, in addition to age, dominance by tall statured species, but not tree species diversity, plays a significant role in C accumulation.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Felipe Arreola for field assistance, and to Leonor Solís from IIES-UNAM for her help in editing figures. The Chamela Biological Station (UNAM) provided facilities and support for the realization of this study. This research was supported by SEMARNAT-CONACYT-0597 and SEP-CONACyT CB-2005-01-51043 Grants to MMR, PAPIIT-UNAM IN290722, PAPIIT-UNAM IN211114 and SEP-CONACYT 2009-129740 Grants to PB, NSF IRFP OISE-0754502 awarded to RB, DGAPA-UNAM postdoctoral fellowship to IS, and by a Ph.D. scholarship from the Mexican National Science and Technology Council (CONACyT) to FM.

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  1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex-hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Francisco Mora, Víctor J. Jaramillo, Mayra Gavito, Ilyas Siddique & Patricia Balvanera

  2. College of Design, Engineering, and Commerce, Philadelphia University, Gibbs Hall, 4201 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19144, USA

    Radika Bhaskar

  3. Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88034-001, Brazil

    Ilyas Siddique

  4. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA

    Jarret E. K. Byrnes

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  1. Francisco Mora
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  7. Patricia Balvanera
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Correspondence to Francisco Mora.

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FM, VJJ and PB conceived the study. FM, RB, MG and IS performed field work. FM and JEKB analyzed data. FM, VJJ and PB wrote the paper, all other authors commented on the manuscript.

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Mora, F., Jaramillo, V.J., Bhaskar, R. et al. Carbon Accumulation in Neotropical Dry Secondary Forests: The Roles of Forest Age and Tree Dominance and Diversity. Ecosystems 21, 536–550 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0168-2

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