ACIA. 2004. Impacts of a warming Arctic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Arft AM, Walker MD, Gurevitch JEA, Alatalo JM, Bret-Harte MS, Dale M, Wookey PA. 1999. Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming: meta-analysis of the international tundra experiment. Ecol Monogr 69(4):491–511.
Google Scholar
Bellolio-Trucco G, Ireland RR. 1990. A taxonomic study of the moss genus Dicranum (Dicranaceae) in Ontario and Quebec. Can J Bot 68(4):867–909.
Article
Google Scholar
Benscoter BW, Vitt DH. 2007. Evaluating feathermoss growth: a challenge to traditional methods and implications for the boreal carbon budget. J Ecol 95:151–8.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Beringer J, Lynch AH, Chapin FS, Mack M, Bonan GB. 2001. The representation of Arctic soils in the land surface model: the importance of mosses. J Clim 14(15):3324–35.
Article
Google Scholar
Borner AP, Kielland K, Walker MD. 2008. Effects of simulated climate change on plant phenology and nitrogen mineralization in Alaskan Arctic tundra. Arct Antarct Alp Res 40:27–38.
Article
Google Scholar
Bragazza L, Limpens J, Gerdol R, Grosvernier P, Hajek M, Hájek T, Tahvanainen T. 2005. Nitrogen concentration and δ15N signature of ombrotrophic Sphagnum mosses at different N deposition levels in Europe. Glob Change Biol 11(1):106–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Brooker R, van derWal R. 2003. Can soil temperature direct the composition of high Arctic plant communities? J Veg Sci 14:535–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Camill P, Lynch JA, Clark JS, Adams JB, Jordan B. 2001. Changes in biomass, aboveground net primary production, and peat accumulation following permafrost thaw in the boreal peatlands of Manitoba, Canada. Ecosystems 4(5):461–78.
Article
Google Scholar
Campioli M, Samson R, Michelsen A, Jonasson S, Baxter R, Lemeur R. 2009. Nonvascular contribution to ecosystem NPP in a subarctic heath during early and late growing season. Plant Ecol 202(1):41–53.
Article
Google Scholar
Chapin FS, Shaver GR. 1985. Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to environmental manipulations in the field. Ecology 66(2):564–76.
Article
Google Scholar
Chapin FS, Shaver GR. 1996. Physiological and growth responses of Arctic plants to a field experiment simulating climatic change. Ecology 77:822–40.
Article
Google Scholar
Chapin FS, Shaver GR, Giblin AE, Nadelhoffer KJ, Laundre JA. 1995. Responses of Arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76:694–711.
Article
Google Scholar
Coe KK, Belnap J, Sparks JP. 2012. Precipitation-driven carbon balance controls survivorship of desert biocrust mosses. Ecology 93(7):1626–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clymo RS. 1970. Growth of Sphagnum: methods of measurement. J Ecol 58:13–49.
Article
Google Scholar
DeLuca TH, Zackrisson O, Nilsson MC, Sellstedt A. 2002. Quantifying nitrogen-fixation in feather moss carpets of boreal forests. Nature 419(6910):917–20.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
DeLuca TH, Zackrisson O, Gentili F, Sellstedt A, Nilsson MC. 2007. Ecosystem controls on nitrogen fixation in boreal feather moss communities. Oecologia 152(1):121–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dilks TJK, Proctor MCF. 1979. Photosynthesis, respiration and water content in bryophytes. New Phytol 82(1):97–114.
Article
Google Scholar
Dorrepaal E, Aerts R, Cornelissen JH, Callaghan TV, Van Logtestijn RS. 2004. Summer warming and increased winter snow cover affect Sphagnum fuscum growth, structure and production in a sub-arctic bog. Glob Change Biol 10(1):93–104.
Article
Google Scholar
Elmendorf SC, Henry GH, Hollister RD, Björk RG, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Cooper EJ, Wipf S. 2012a. Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. Nature Climate Change 2(6):453–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Elmendorf SC, Henry GH, Hollister RD, Björk RG, Bjorkman AD, Callaghan TV, Wookey PA. 2012b. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. Ecol Lett 15(2):164–75.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Epstein HE, Calef MP, Walker MD, Chapin FS, Starfield AM. 2004. Detecting changes in Arctic tundra plant communities in response to warming over decadal time scales. Glob Change Biol 10(8):1325–34.
Article
Google Scholar
Forbes BC, Fauria M, Zetterberg P. 2010. Russian Arctic warming and ‘greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Glob Change Biol 16(5):1542–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Gornall JL, Jónsdóttir IS, Woodin SJ, Van der Wal R. 2007. Arctic mosses govern below-ground environment and ecosystem processes. Oecologia 153(4):931–41.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gunnarsson U, Granberg G, Nilsson M. 2004. Growth, production and interspecific competition in Sphagnum: effects of temperature, nitrogen and sulphur treatments on a boreal mire. New Phytol 163(2):349–59.
Article
Google Scholar
Gunnarsson U. 2005. Global patterns of Sphagnum productivity. Journal of Bryology 27(3):269–79.
Article
Google Scholar
Handley LL, Austin AT, Stewart GR, Robinson D, Scrimgeour CM, Raven JA, Schmidt S. 1999. The 15N natural abundance (·15N) of ecosystem samples reflects measures of water availability. Funct Plant Biol 26(2):185–99.
Google Scholar
Hedenäs LARS, Bisang IRENE. 2004. Key to European Dicranum species. Herzogia 17:179–97.
Google Scholar
Henry GHR, Molau U. 1997. Tundra plants and climate change: the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Glob Change Biol 3(S1):1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Hobbie SE, Chapin FS. 1998. Response of tundra plant biomass, aboveground production, nitrogen, and CO2 flux to experimental warming. Ecology 79:1526–44.
Google Scholar
Hobbie SE, Shevtsova A, Chapin FS. 1999. Plant responses to species removal and experimental warming in Alaskan tussock tundra. Oikos 84:417–34.
Article
Google Scholar
Houghton JT, Filho LGM, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K, Eds. 1996. Climate change 1995: the science of climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Houle D, Bilodeau Gauthier S, Paquet S, Planas D, Warren A. 2006. Identification of two genera of N2-fixing cyanobacteria growing on three feather moss species in boreal forests of Quebec, Canada. Botany 84(6):1025–9.
Google Scholar
Hudson JMG, Henry GHR. 2009. Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008. Ecology 90:2657–63.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
IPCC. 2013. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Jonasson S, Michelsen A, Schmidt IK, Nielsen EV. 1999. Responses in microbes and plants to changed temperature, nutrient, and light regimes in the Arctic. Ecology 80(6):1828–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Lang SI, Cornelissen JH, Shaver GR, Ahrens M, Callaghan TV, Molau U, Aerts R. 2012. Arctic warming on two continents has consistent negative effects on lichen diversity and mixed effects on bryophyte diversity. Glob Change Biol 18(3):1096–107.
Article
Google Scholar
Lindo Z, Nilsson MC, Gundale MJ. 2013. Bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations as regulators of the northern latitude carbon balance in response to global change. Glob Change Biol 19(7):2022–35.
Article
Google Scholar
Markham JH. 2009. Variation in moss-associated nitrogen fixation in boreal forest stands. Oecologia 161(2):353–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McNeil P, Waddington JM. 2003. Moisture controls on Sphagnum growth and CO2 exchange on a cutover bog. J Appl Ecol 40(2):354–67.
Article
Google Scholar
Natali SM, Schuur EAG, Trucco C, Hicks Preis CE, Crummer KG, Baron Lopez AF. 2011. Effects of experimental warming of air, soil and permafrost on carbon balance in Alaskan tundra. Glob Change Biol 17(3):1394–407.
Article
Google Scholar
Natali SM, Schuur EAG, Rubin RL. 2012. Increased plant productivity in Alaskan tundra as a result of experimental warming of soil and permafrost. J Ecol 100(2):488–98.
Article
Google Scholar
Nelson FE, Anisimov OA, Shiklomanov NI. 2001. Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost. Nature 410(6831):889–90.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osterkamp TE, Romanovsky VE. 1999. Evidence for warming and thawing of discontinuous permafrost in Alaska. Permafrost Periglac Process 10:17–37.
Article
Google Scholar
Press MC, Potter JA, Burke MJW, Callaghan TV, Lee JA. 1998. Responses of a subarctic dwarf shrub heath community to simulated environmental change. J Ecol 86:315–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Pries CEH, Schuur EAG, Crummer KG. 2012. Holocene carbon stocks and carbon accumulation rates altered in soils undergoing permafrost thaw. Ecosystems 15(1):162–73.
Article
Google Scholar
R Core Team. 2015. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.
Rice SK, Giles L. 1996. The influence of water content and leaf anatomy on carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis in Sphagnum. Plant Cell Environ 19(1):118–24.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Rice SK. 2000. Variation in carbon isotope discrimination within and among Sphagnum species in a temperate wetland. Oecologia 123(1):1–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Rydin H, Jeglum JK. 2013. The biology of peatlands, 2e. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Book
Google Scholar
Schipperges B, Rydin H. 1998. Response of photosynthesis of Sphagnum species from contrasting microhabitats to tissue water content and repeated desiccation. New Phytol 140:677–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Schuur EAG, Crummer KG, Vogel JG, Mack MC. 2007. Plant species composition and productivity following permafrost thaw and thermokarst in Alaskan tundra. Ecosystems 10:280–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Schuur EAG, Vogel JG, Crummer KG, Lee H, Sickman JO, Osterkamp TE. 2009. The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra. Nature 459:556–9.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skre O, Oechel WC, Miller PM. 1983. Moss leaf water content and solar radiation at the moss surface in a mature black spruce forest in central Alaska. Can J Res 13(5):860–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Solheim B, Endal A, Vigstad H. 1996. Nitrogen fixation in Arctic vegetation and soils from Svalbard, Norway. Polar Biol 16(1):35–40.
Article
Google Scholar
Soudzilovskaia NA, Bodegom PM, Cornelissen JH. 2013. Dominant bryophyte control over high-latitude soil temperature fluctuations predicted by heat transfer traits, field moisture regime and laws of thermal insulation. Funct Ecol 27(6):1442–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Street LE, Subke JA, Sommerkorn M, Sloan V, Ducrotoy H, Phoenix GK, Williams M. 2013. The role of mosses in carbon uptake and partitioning in Arctic vegetation. New Phytol 199(1):163–75.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tape KEN, Sturm M, Racine C. 2006. The evidence for shrub expansion in northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Glob Change Biol 12(4):686–702.
Article
Google Scholar
Toet S, Cornelissen JH, Aerts R, van Logtestijn RS, de Beus M, Stoevelaar R. 2006. Moss responses to elevated CO2 and variation in hydrology in a temperate lowland peatland. Plant Ecol 182(1–2):27–40.
Article
Google Scholar
van Wijk MT, Clemmensen KE, Shaver GR, Williams M, Callaghan TV, Chapin FS. 2004. Long-term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, Northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change. Glob Change Biol 10:105–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Williams TG, Flanagan LB. 1996. Effect of changes in water content on photosynthesis, transpiration and discrimination against 13CO2 and C18O16O in Pleurozium and Sphagnum. Oecologia 108(1):38–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Wahren CH, Walker MD, Bret-Harte MS. 2005. Vegetation responses in Alaskan Arctic tundra after 8 years of a summer warming and winter snow manipulation experiment. Glob Change Biol 11(4):537–52.
Article
Google Scholar
Walker MD. 1996. Community baseline measurements for ITEX studies. In: Molau U, Mølgaard P, Eds. International tundra experiment (ITEX) manual. Copenhagen: Danish Polar Center. p 39–41.
Google Scholar
Walker MD, Wahren CH, Hollister RD, Henry GH, Ahlquist LE, Alatalo JM, Wookey PA. 2006. Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(5):1342–6.
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar