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Soil CO2 Emissions Associated with Termitaria in Tropical Savanna: Evidence for Hot-Spot Compensation

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Abstract

Our understanding of carbon (C) dynamics within savannas is very limited, especially how source/sink dynamics are influenced by the resident biota. Previous measurements of epigeal termite mounds (termitaria), ubiquitous in many savannas, have shown that they are considerable point sources of soil carbon dioxide (CO2), whereas CO2 measurements collected outside the mounds were generally assumed to be independent of termite activity. However, no measurements were conducted along gradients away from the mounds to confirm this. We quantified daytime soil CO2 emissions (soil respiration) along gradients from the center to 20 m from the mound edge in Serengeti National Park, and measured soil temperature/moisture, macro-invertebrate abundance, and vegetation height as variables potentially influencing these emissions. Further, we quantified how far into the savanna termitaria impact CO2 emissions. As in other studies, we found the highest soil CO2 fluxes at the termitaria-center and considerably lower fluxes in the surrounding savanna. Macro-invertebrate abundance was associated with the differences in emissions measured, whereas the other variables were not. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation revealed significantly lower fluxes between the termitaria edge and up to 9 m from the edge compared to the values measured at the termitaria-center and between 10 and 20 m from the termitaria edge. When extrapolating the emissions across the landscape our results suggest that the lower CO2 emissions found between the edge and 9 m fully compensate for the high fluxes measured at the termitaria center. Consequently, our findings provide evidence that termitaria might influence the savanna C source-sink dynamics differently than previously thought.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Deusdedith Rugemalila and Reginald Phirmin Sukums for their help during fieldwork and Otto Wildi for his help with the spatial analysis of the data. Two anonymous reviewers, Mizue Ohashi and Martin F. Jurgensen provided critical input into earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was funded by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research and conducted in compliance with the current laws of Tanzania.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit Community Ecology, Research Group Plant-Animal Interactions, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Anita C. Risch & Martin Schütz

  2. Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 206 Winston Hall, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27109, USA

    T. Michael Anderson

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  1. Anita C. Risch
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Correspondence to Anita C. Risch.

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Author Contributions

ACR and MS conceived and performed the experiment and analyzed the data; ACR, TMA, MS designed the experiment and wrote the manuscript.

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Risch, A.C., Anderson, T.M. & Schütz, M. Soil CO2 Emissions Associated with Termitaria in Tropical Savanna: Evidence for Hot-Spot Compensation. Ecosystems 15, 1147–1157 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9571-x

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