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The Effects of Land-use History on Soil Properties and Nutrient Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests of the Adirondack Mountains

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Abstract

Soil nutrient pools and nitrogen dynamics in old-growth forests were compared with selectively logged stands and stands that were selectively logged and then burned approximately 100 years ago to test the hypothesis that land-use history exerts persistent controls on nutrient capital and nitrogen (N) transformation rates. We provide estimates of net N mineralization and nitrification rates for old-growth forests from the northeastern United States, a region in which few old-growth forests remain and for which few published accounts of mineralization rates exist. At the plot level, no effects of the dominant tree species were observed on any measured soil properties or N-cycling rates. Effects of alternate disturbance histories were detected in soil carbon (C) and N pools. Old-growth forest soils had higher total C (67 Mg·ha−1) and N capital (3.3 Mg·ha−1) than that of historically logged then burned soils (C = 50 Mg·ha−1 and N = Mg·ha−1), with intermediate values (C = 54 Mg·ha−1 and N = 2.7 Mg·ha−1) in the stands that were historically logged. Despite these differences in C and N content, corresponding differences in C–N ratio, net N mineralization rates, and net nitrification rates were not observed. The N concentration in the green foliage of American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia) was also highest from canopy trees growing in old-growth stands (3.0%), followed by logged stands (2.6%), and lowest in the logged/burned stands (2.2%). These data suggest that some legacies of light harvesting on ecosystem processes may be detected nearly 100 years following the disturbance event. These results are discussed in the context of how multiple forest disturbances act in concert to affect forest dynamics.

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Acknowledgements

We thank David Thomas, Laura Shevey, and Harry Pearsall for assistance in both the field and the laboratory. We also thank Terry Perkins of the New York DEC for his help in accessing sites. Sana Gardescu, Lars Hedin, Timothy Fahey, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant GRT GER-9355117, the Kieckhefer Adirondack Fellowship Program, and Cornell University’s Program in Biogeochemistry and Environmental Change. This study is a contribution to the program of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York.

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  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

    Erika F. Latty & Peter L. Marks

  2. Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York 12545, USA

    Erika F. Latty & Charles D. Canham

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  1. Erika F. Latty
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Latty, E., Canham, C. & Marks, P. The Effects of Land-use History on Soil Properties and Nutrient Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests of the Adirondack Mountains. Ecosystems 7, 193–207 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0157-5

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