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Rise of oil drops in water and fall of water drops in oil

Das Aufsteigen von Öltropfen in Wasser und das Absinken von Wassertropfen in Öl

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Abstract

Rise and fall velocities of oil drops in water and water drops in oil, respectively, are measured in a liquid column. The main perspective is on the similarity of the flows in these largely different cases. When the experimental data are plotted as the normalized rise velocity, which is the Reynolds number, versus the Archimedes number a common curve appears. This proves that similarity exists at least with respect to the velocity. Larger drops deviate considerably from the spherical shape. Nevertheless the data set can be represented by a formula derived from data on hard spheres. In particular the Stokes limit for Re→0 is nicely confirmed by measuring down to 10− 4.

Zusammenfassung

Untersucht wird das Aufsteigen von Öltropfen in Wasser und das Absinken von Wassertropfen in Öl. Das Hauptinteresse liegt auf der strömungsmechanischen Ähnlichkeit dieser beiden sehr verschiedenen Fälle. Die Messdaten werden in dimensionsloser Form als Reynolds-Zahl gegen die Archimedes-Zahl aufgetragen. Sowohl für das Aufsteigen als auch für das Absinken ergibt sich eine gemeinsame Kurve. Zumindest in Bezug auf die Tropfengeschwindigkeit kann daraus Ähnlichkeit gefolgert werden. Bei größeren Tropfen nimmt die Deformation stetig zu. Trotzdem kann für die genannte Kurve über den gesamten Messbereich eine Gleichung angegeben werden, die aus der Beschreibung von Kugelumströmungen bekannt ist. Insbesondere wird die Stokes’sche Lösungen für Re→0 sehr gut bestätigt bis zu Messwerten nahe 10− 4.

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Abbreviations

Ar:

Archimedes number

Eo:

Eötvös number

Mo:

Morton number

Re:

Reynolds number

cD :

Drag coefficient (−)

de :

Equivalent diameter of the drop (m)

di :

Inner diameter of capillary (m)

do :

Outer diameter of capillary (m)

g:

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

T:

Temperature (°C)

U:

Rise/fall speed of the drop (m/s)

VC :

Manufacturer declaration of inner capillary volume (m3)

Δx:

Travelling distance of the drop for velocity measurement (m)

νex :

Kinematic viscosity of external fluid (m2/s)

ρex :

Density of external fluid (kg/m3)

ρin :

Density of drop fluid (kg/m3)

σ:

Interfacial tension between external and internal drop fluid (N/m)

W:

Water

AK:

Silicon oil, e.g. AK10 → ν = 10.0 mm2/s at 25 °C

References

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Peters, F., Nüllig, M. & Miletic, D. Rise of oil drops in water and fall of water drops in oil. Forsch Ingenieurwes 78, 87–91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-014-0176-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-014-0176-8

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