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Parameter optimization and performance study of Ni–P coatings prepared by pulse-assisted jet electrochemical deposition

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Abstract

Jet electrochemical deposition is a relatively new technology for selective electrochemical deposition. Its advantages include high deposition accuracy and a quick deposition rate. However, the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon and tip effect during the deposition process become more obvious when using jet electrochemical deposition to obtain higher deposited layer quality. To improve this phenomenon, we developed pulse-assisted technology based on the jet electrochemical deposition process. Its benefit is that the deposition rate is successfully increased while the diffusion layer thickness is reduced further, assuring deposited layer uniformity and compactness and so improving deposited layer quality. By using an orthogonal test, the effect of current density, pulse duty cycle, and pulse frequency on the microstructure and microhardness of the Ni–P deposited layer was investigated, and the ideal process parameters were identified preliminarily. In this study, SEM and hardness tester were used to evaluate the surface morphology and microhardness of the deposited layer. The results revealed that the Ni–P deposited layer has a better microscopic shape and a higher microhardness of 670HV when the current density is 30A/dm2, the pulse duty ratio is 60%, and the pulse frequency is 1500 Hz. The control variable method was used to further explore the influence of pulse frequency on the properties of the deposited layer and compared with the Ni–P deposited layer prepared under the condition of DC jet electrochemical deposition. The results show that the introduction of pulse technology is of great help to improve the quality of Ni–P deposited layers prepared by jet electrochemical deposition. With the increase of the pulse frequency, the surface defects are reduced, the density is enhanced, and the toughness and corrosion resistance are improved. When the pulse frequency is 1500 Hz, the resistance to deformation is the best, and the elastic recovery ratio he/hmax reaches the maximum at this time, and its value is 0.336. At the same time, the Ni–P deposition layer has good corrosion performance under this condition. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density measured in 3.5% sodium chloride solution are − 0.33 V and 1.04 × 10–6 A/cm2, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the supports from the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province (Grant no. 20IRTSTHN016) and Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Henan Province (Grant no. 222102220069 and Grant no. 222102220030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China

    Yongfeng Li, Mengyu Liu, Long Zheng, Zhipeng Qu, Xiaochang Xu, Mingming Zhang, Hongjiang Han & Zongju Yang

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  1. Yongfeng Li
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Li, Y., Liu, M., Zheng, L. et al. Parameter optimization and performance study of Ni–P coatings prepared by pulse-assisted jet electrochemical deposition. J Solid State Electrochem 26, 2287–2299 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-022-05252-5

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