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Determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations and urine at reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube-modified electrodes

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Abstract

In this paper, we compare reduced graphene oxide (RGO) electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as modifiers for the sensitive detection of levofloxacin. The RGO-based sensor showed higher currents for levofloxacin compared with the MWCNT-modified (4-fold) and unmodified electrodes (20-fold). A thin-layer adsorptive process was verified for the oxidation of levofloxacin on the RGO-modified electrode which explains the higher currents. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and amperometric detection using flow-injection analysis (FIA-AMP) were evaluated for levofloxacin determination in urine and pharmaceutical samples. Detection limits of 1.45, 6.70, and 1.90 μmol L−1 and recovery levels of 91, 106, and 103%, respectively were obtained. A relative standard deviation lower than 7.7% indicated proper precision. The FIA-AMP using the RGO-modified electrode presented high analytical frequency (around 100 injections per hour) and thus was selected for the analysis of the samples. Statistically, similar results (95% confidence level) compared with ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) analysis and recovery level of 96% for the analysis of urine were obtained.

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Funding

This research was supported by FAPEMIG (Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais, process: APQ-00197-18), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, process: 307271/2017-0), CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, financial code 001), and PROPESQ/UFJF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil

    Davi Marques de Farias, Lucas Vinícius de Faria, Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa, Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos & Renato Camargo Matos

  2. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil

    Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz

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  1. Davi Marques de Farias
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  2. Lucas Vinícius de Faria
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  4. Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos
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  6. Renato Camargo Matos
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Correspondence to Renato Camargo Matos.

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de Farias, D.M., de Faria, L.V., Lisboa, T.P. et al. Determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations and urine at reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube-modified electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 24, 1165–1173 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04589-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04589-z

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