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A study of the electrochemical kinetics of sodium intercalation in P2/O1/O3-NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2

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Abstract

Sodium ternary layered oxides, typically NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC), are layered structures analogous to LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, and have been utilized extensively in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The cathode material was successfully synthesized by a sol-gel process followed by a calcination step at 900 °C for 12 h. The triple-phase integration denoted as P2, O1 and O3 in the NMC sample was evidently revealed on XRD diagrams. The composite cathode material acted as an O3 purity phase that exhibited relatively good performance that delivered an initial capacity of 140 mAh g−1 and sustained reversible capacities of nearly 110 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The kinetics of sodium intercalation of sol-gel NMC upon reversible Na+ insertion/de-insertion was evaluated via galvanostatic intermittence titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The diffusion coefficients of Na+ deduced from the GITT curve were found to lie within a wide range, 10−9–10−12 cm2 s−1 for the charge process and 10−13–10−17 cm2 s−1 for the discharge process. This implies that the kinetics of Na+ extraction out of the NaxNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 host could be much more favored than Na+ insertion. Additionally, the evolution of diffusion coefficient and charge transfer resistance are consistent with the complex phase transition generally observed in sodium layered oxides.

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Acknowledgements

The research work was supported by Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City (VNU HCM) through research grant NV2019-18-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Hoang Van Nguyen, Hanh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen Le Thanh Huynh, An Le Bao Phan, Man Van Tran & Phung My Loan Le

  2. Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory (APCLab), University of Science, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Man Van Tran & Phung My Loan Le

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  1. Hoang Van Nguyen
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  2. Hanh Thi Ngoc Nguyen
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  3. Nguyen Le Thanh Huynh
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Correspondence to Phung My Loan Le.

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Highlights

• A multiple-phase P2/O1/O3 NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 was synthesized via sol-gel process.

• Cycling performance and rate capability testing of P2/O1/O3 NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 was studied in an Na half-cell.

• Correlation was achieved between the diffusion coefficient at each stage of phase transitions within Na+ and the resistance property.

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Van Nguyen, H., Nguyen, H.T.N., Huynh, N.L.T. et al. A study of the electrochemical kinetics of sodium intercalation in P2/O1/O3-NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. J Solid State Electrochem 24, 57–67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04419-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04419-x

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