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Effect of non-stoichiometry on the charge storage capacity of NiO conversion anodes in Li-ion batteries

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Abstract

Conversion anodes comprising non-stoichiometric black NiO suffer severe capacity fading in Li-ion batteries despite having a high Li+ ion diffusion coefficient. We attribute this capacity fading to (i) its small crystallite size (~ 8 nm) and (ii) high charge transfer resistance (Rct ~ 60–180 Ω cm2). Small crystallites enhance grain boundaries which promote Li+ ion diffusion without efficient material utilization. In contrast, the stoichiometric green NiO anodes deliver a stable capacity of 280 mAh g−1 over 50 charge-discharge cycles. The comparatively higher capacity of green NiO can be explained from its (i) large crystallite size (~ 104 nm) and (ii) negligible Rct values.

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Acknowledgements

GKK acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India (GOI) for the award of Senior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Central College, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 001, India

    G. K. Kiran & P. Vishnu Kamath

  2. Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India

    N. Munichandraiah

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  1. G. K. Kiran
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  2. N. Munichandraiah
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  3. P. Vishnu Kamath
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Correspondence to P. Vishnu Kamath.

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Kiran, G.K., Munichandraiah, N. & Vishnu Kamath, P. Effect of non-stoichiometry on the charge storage capacity of NiO conversion anodes in Li-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 22, 3833–3843 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4087-8

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