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An asymmetric capacitor of internal parallel hybrid electrodes with amphoteric lithium vanadium phosphate

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Abstract

Given that the amphoteric Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) crystal exhibits different capacities in the high and low potential regions, we study its asymmetric capacitor and the mass balancing. Both the positive and the negative electrodes are prepared with 50 wt.% LVP balanced by activated carbon which provide battery and double-layer storage mechanisms; respectively. To retain the capacitor power feature with a sizable capacity, a proper internal hybridization is required to keep the battery mechanism functioning at high-rate cycling. The involvement of battery storage is assured if a high-voltage bulge is observed on the galvanostatic discharge curve. To preserve such a feature, the capacitor analysis indicates three factors are vital. A voltage window is wide enough, 4.0 V, such that the plateau of LVP around 3.6 V (vs. Li/Li+) may operate in discharging the positive electrode. The negative electrode is prelithiated to pin down the negative potential and allow the cell to utilize the permissible potential window. A proper mass ratio 2(+):1(−) provides sufficient but not too much battery storage in the positive electrode. Among the five mass ratios being studied, the 2(+):1(−) capacitor shows a respectable combination of specific energy 43 W h kg−1 and power 520 W kg−1 at 0.2 A g−1, with over 80 % capacity retention in 200 cycles.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan for partial support through MOST-103-2221-E-011-153-MY3. The miscellaneous fee subsidy via one of Top University Projects 105H45140 by National Taiwan University of Science and Technology is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan

    Ying-Chen Liao, Dah-Shyang Tsai, Yu-Sheng Huang & Tai-Yu Lu

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  1. Ying-Chen Liao
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  2. Dah-Shyang Tsai
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  3. Yu-Sheng Huang
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  4. Tai-Yu Lu
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Correspondence to Dah-Shyang Tsai.

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Liao, YC., Tsai, DS., Huang, YS. et al. An asymmetric capacitor of internal parallel hybrid electrodes with amphoteric lithium vanadium phosphate. J Solid State Electrochem 21, 839–847 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-016-3435-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-016-3435-9

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