Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polyaspartate as a gelled electrolyte additive to improve the performance of the gel valve-regulated lead-acid batteries under 100 % depth of discharge and partial-state-of charge conditions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of polyaspartate (PASP) on the gel properties and performance of gel valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries is reported. The presence of PASP in the gelled electrolyte has a marginal effect on the gelling process and gel strength. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the addition of PASP does not affect the main reaction of the VRLA battery, but slightly suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction. However, a concentration level of PASP seems not to affect the degree of suppression. The battery performance was evaluated under a 100 % depth of discharge (100 % DoD) over a wide temperature range (0–60 °C), and after a 3-month storage period and under partial-state-of charge (PSoC) conditions at normal and high charge/discharge rates. The addition of 0.005 % (w/v) PASP in the gelled electrolyte slows down the growth of lead sulfate crystals on the negative plate during the battery operation leading to a substantial improvement in the performance of the gel VRLA batteries. By combining the advantages of the gelled electrolyte structure and the presence of PASP in the gelled electrolyte, the gel VRLA batteries provide a superior discharge capacity and long cycle life under all 100 % DoD and PSoC conditions studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hernandez JC, Soria ML, Gonzalez M, Garcia-Quismondo E, Munoz A, Trinidad F (2006) Studies on electrolyte formulations to improve life of lead acid batteries working under partial state of charge conditions. J Power Sources 162:851–863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tantichanakul T, Chailapakul O, Tantavichet N (2013) Influence of fumed silica and additives on the gel formation and performance of gel valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. J Ind Eng Chem 19:2085–2091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Voss E, Hullmeine U, Winsel A (1990) Behaviour of the PbO2/PbSO4 electrode in sulphuric acid containing tin ions. J Power Sources 30:33–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Garche J, Döring H, Wiesener K (1991) Influence of phosphoric acid on both the electrochemistry and the operating behavior of the lead/acid system. J Power Sources 33:213–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Badawy WA, EI-Egamy SS (1995) Improvement of the performance of the positive electrode in the lead/acid battery by addition of boric acid. J Power Sources 55:11–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dietz H, Hoogestraat G, Laibach S, Von Borstel D, Wiesener K (1995) Influence of substituted benzaldehydes and their derivatives as inhibitors for hydrogen evolution in lead/acid batteries. J Power Sources 53:359–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferreira AL (2001) Battery additives: any influence on separator behavior? J Power Sources 95:255–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Petkova G, Nikolov P, Pavlov D (2006) Influence of polymer additive on the performance of lead-acid battery negative plates. J Power Sources 158:841–845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pavlov D, Nikolov P (2012) Lead–carbon electrode with inhibitor of sulfation for lead-acid batteries operating in the HRPSoC duty. J Electrochem Soc 159:A1215–A1225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rezaei B, Mallakpour S, Taki M (2009) Application of ionic liquids as an electrolyte additive on the electrochemical behavior of lead acid battery. J Power Sources 187:605–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tantichanakul T, Chailapakul O, Tantavichet N (2011) Gelled electrolytes for use in absorptive glass mat valve-regulated lead-acid (AGM VRLA) batteries working under 100 % depth of discharge conditions. J Power Sources 196:8764–8772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mansfeld F, Hsu H, Örnek D, Wood TK, Syrett BC (2002) Corrosion control using regenerative biofilms on aluminum 2024 and brass in different media. J Electrochem Soc 149:B130–B138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Örnek D, Wood TK, Hsu CH, Mansfeld F (2002) Corrosion control using regenerative biofilms (CCURB) on brass in different media. Corros Sci 44:2291–2302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Örnek D, Wood TK, Hsu CH, Sun Z, Mansfeld F (2002) Pitting corrosion control of aluminum 2024 using protective biofilms that secrete corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion 5:761–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nitǎ LE, Chiriac AP, Popescu CM, Neamtu I, Alecu L (2006) Possibilities for poly(aspartic acid) preparation as biodegradable compound. J Optoelectron Adv M 8:663–666

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang W, Xiong R, Wei G (2009) Biological flocculation treatment on distillery wastewater and recirculation of wastewater. J Hazd Mater 172:1252–1257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Japanese Standards Association (2003) Japanese Industrial Standard, Small-size valve regulated lead – acid batteries Plate 1: General requirements, functional characteristics Methods of test. JIS C 8702–1

  18. Tang Z, Wang J, Mao X-X, Shao H, Chen Q, Xu Z, Zhang J (2007) Investigation and application of polysiloxane-based gel electrolyte in valve-regulated lead-acid battery. J Power Sources 168:49–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lam LT, Newnham RH, Ozgun H, Fleming FA (2000) Advanced design of valve-regulated lead–acid battery for hybrid electric vehicles. J Power Sources 88:92–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hariprakash B, Gaffoor SA, Shukla AK (2009) Lead-acid batteries for partial-state-of-charge applications. J Power Sources 191:149–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Berndt D (2003) Maintenance-free batteries: based on aqueous electrolyte lead-acid, nickel/cadmium, nickel/metal hydride: a handbook of battery technology, 3rd edn. Research Studies Press Ltd, Hertfordshire

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lambert DWH, Greenwood PHJ, Reed MC (2002) Advances in gelled-electrolyte technology for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. J Power Sources 107:173–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lam LT, Haigh NP, Phyland CG, Urban AJ (2004) Failure mode of valve regulated lead-acid batteries under high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation. J Power Sources 133:126–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lam LT, Louey R, Haigh NP, Lim OV, Vella DG, Phyland CG, Vu LH, Furukawa J, Takada T, Monma D, Kano T (2007) VRLA ultrabattery for high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation. J Power Sources 174:16–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the Thailand Research Fund (IUG5280002 and IRG5780001), Faculty of Science of Chulalongkorn University and N.V. Battery Ltd. Partnership for financial support during the course of this study. The authors also thank Dr. Robert Butcher for helpful English suggestions and grammar corrections.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Phakamas Tundorn & Nisit Tantavichet

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Orawon Chailapakul

  3. Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Orawon Chailapakul & Nisit Tantavichet

Authors
  1. Phakamas Tundorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Orawon Chailapakul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nisit Tantavichet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nisit Tantavichet.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tundorn, P., Chailapakul, O. & Tantavichet, N. Polyaspartate as a gelled electrolyte additive to improve the performance of the gel valve-regulated lead-acid batteries under 100 % depth of discharge and partial-state-of charge conditions. J Solid State Electrochem 20, 801–811 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3117-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3117-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation