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Electrochemical kinetic study about cobalt electrodeposition onto GCE and HOPG substrates from sulfate sodium solutions

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Abstract

In the present work, we analyze the electrodeposition of cobalt by electrochemical techniques onto GCE (system I) and HOPG (system II) electrodes from sulfate solutions. Cyclic voltammetry and current transient measurements were used to obtain the nucleation and growth mechanism. The results clearly showed that electrodeposition of cobalt is a diffusion-controlled process with a typical 3D nucleation mechanism in both substrates. The average ΔG calculated for the stable nucleus formation was 1.97 × 10−20 J nuclei−1 and 3.58 × 10−20 J nuclei−1 for system I and system II, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated similar nucleation and growth processes on GCE and HOPG substrates at same overpotential with a homogeneous disperse cobalt clusters. X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed in order to ensure that the clusters formed are cobalt. The nuclei’s size obtained was dependent of the overpotential applied; at lower overpotentials, the growth rate of the cobalt clusters diminishes when their number increases due to the strongly reduced concentration of cobalt ions because of their consumption by a larger number of growing particles. A theoretical quantum study employing PM6 method suggests that Na+ adsorbed deactivate the local surface occasionating the formation of disperse cobalt clusters on carbon electrodes.

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Acknowledgments

C.H.R.R. is grateful for a graduate student fellowship from CONACyT. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from CONACyT project APOY-COMPL-2008 No. 91261 and to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. M.R. acknowledges financial support from DGAPA-PAPIIT, project number IN-112106. Authors acknowledge Juan Hernandez for the SEM technical assistance. We acknowledge Professors M.E. Palomar-Pardavé and M. Romero-Romo for fruitful discussions. We are also grateful to the reviewers of the manuscript for valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, C.P. 42186, México

    C. H. Rios-Reyes & L. H. Mendoza-Huizar

  2. Departamento de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, C.P. 02200, México D.F., México

    C. H. Rios-Reyes

  3. Instituto de Física, Dpto. Materia Condensada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., México

    M. Rivera

  4. Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México

    L. H. Mendoza-Huizar

Authors
  1. C. H. Rios-Reyes
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  2. L. H. Mendoza-Huizar
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  3. M. Rivera
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Correspondence to L. H. Mendoza-Huizar.

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Rios-Reyes, C.H., Mendoza-Huizar, L.H. & Rivera, M. Electrochemical kinetic study about cobalt electrodeposition onto GCE and HOPG substrates from sulfate sodium solutions. J Solid State Electrochem 14, 659–668 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-009-0816-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-009-0816-3

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