Abstract
The results of a systematic study of the light sensitivity and long-term potential stability (30 days) of poly(pyrrole) (PPy), poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(aniline) (PANI) and plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) containing 20% (m/m) PANI are reported. Thin films were prepared either electrochemically or by the solution casting technique. This fundamental study is of importance because conducting polymers (CP) are commonly used as ion-to-electron transduction materials in all-solid-state solid contact ion-selective electrodes. The potential stability test done in 0.1 M KCl (pH 7.5) simulates the extreme situation when the CP-based SC becomes in direct contact with water. Films prepared of a nanodispersion of PANI showed both good potential stability and insensitivity to light even under illumination with very intensive light (>105 lx). In contrary, it was observed that POT is very light-sensitive. Upon illumination with intensive light, the potential responses of POT films prepared by solution casting and electropolymerisation were 315 and 590 mV, respectively. A room light sensitivity of approximately −10 to −15 mV was observed for these films. The other CPs in this study were insensitive to room light (∼150 lx), but were light-sensitive under illumination with intensive light. The potential drift of PPy(Cl) is below −10 μV/h (3–30 days), whereas the other most stable CPs in this study had a slightly higher potential drift.
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Jörg Posdorfer at Ormecon GmbH is gratefully acknowledged for the PANI dispersion (D1003). The author is most grateful for discussions with Dr. Pia Sjöberg-Eerola and Prof. Johan Bobacka concerning POT and PEDOT, respectively. Many thanks also to Prof. Ronald Österbacka at Åbo Akademi University (Department of Physics, Centre of Functional Materials) for discussions of the light sensitivity of CPs. Finally, acknowledgments to Mr. Sten Lindholm for measuring the spectra of room light and the Leica light source. This work is part of the activities of the Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centre within the Finnish Centre of Excellence Program (Academy of Finland, 2000–2011).
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Lindfors, T. Light sensitivity and potential stability of electrically conducting polymers commonly used in solid contact ion-selective electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 13, 77–89 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0561-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0561-z