Abstract
Self-doped polyaniline (PAN) film on platinum electrode surface has been synthesized via electrochemical copolymerization of aniline with orthanilic acid (OAA). Fourier transform infrared, UV–Vis, and elemental analysis indicate the formation of the copolymer and that the copolymer has the structure of a head-to-tail coupling of aniline and OAA units. It was found that the internal doping of PAN with OAA can extend the electroactivity of PAN in neutral and even in alkaline media. The obtained self-doped PAN (PAN-OAA)-coated platinum electrode is shown to be a good surface for the electrooxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7. The anode peak potential of AA shifts from 0.63 V at bare platinum electrode to 0.34 V at the PAN-OAA-modified platinum electrode with greatly enhanced current response. A linear calibration graph is obtained over the AA concentration range of 5–60 mM using cyclic voltammetry. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry and chronoamperometry have been employed to investigate the electrooxidation of AA. The PAN-OAA-modified platinum electrode shows good stability and reproducibility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
MacDiarmid AG, Mu S, Somasiri NLD, Wu W (1985) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 121:187–190
Mu S, Ye J, Wang Y (1993) J Power Sources 45:153–159
Oyama N, Tatsuma T, Sato T, Sotomura T (1995) Nature 373:598–600
Kanungo M, Kumar A, Contractor AQ (2003) Anal Chem 75:5673–5679
Bartlett PN, Wallace ENK (2001) Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:1491–1496
Karyakin AA, Vuki M, Lukachove LV, Karyakina EE, Orlov AV, Karpachova GP, Wang J (1999) Anal Chem 71:2534–2540
Rajendra Prasad K, Munichandraiah N (2002) Anal Chem 74:5531–5537
Zhou D, Xu J, Chen H, Fang H (1997) Electroanalysis 9:1185–1188
Mandi Z, Dui L (1996) J Electroanal Chem 403:133–141
Kazarinov VE, Andreev VN, Spitsyn MA, Mayorov AP (1990) Electrochim Acta 35:1459–1463
Huang WS, Humphrey BD, MacDiarmid AG (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 82:2385–2400
Wei X, Epstein AJ (1995) Synth Met 74:123–125
Lin HK, Chen SA (2000) Macromolecules 33:8117–8118
Kayakin AA, Strakhova AK, Yatsimirsky AK (1994) J Electroanal Chem 371:259–265
Karyakin AA, Maltsev IA, Lukachova LV (1996) J Electroanal Chem 402:217–219
Mažeikienė R, Niaura G, Malinauskas A (2003) Synth Met 139:89–94
Mu S, Kan J (2002) Synth Met 132:29–33
Tian S, Liu J, Zhu T, Knoll W (2003) Chem Commun 21:2738–2739
Xiao Y, Kharitonov AB, Patolsky F, Weizmann Y, Willner I (2003) Chem Commun 13:1540–1541
Cao Y, Smith P, Heeger AJ (1992) Synth Met 48:91–97
Cao Y, Qiu J, Smith P (1995) Synth Met 69:187–190
Lukachova LV, Shkerin EA, Puganova EA, Karyakina EE, Kiseleva SG, Orlov AV, Karpacheva GP, Karyakin AA (2003) J Electroanal Chem 544:59–63
Martin DW Jr (1983) In: Martin DW Jr, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW (eds) Harper’s review of biochemistry, 19th edn. Lange, Los Altos, CA, p 112
Koshiishi I, Imanari T (1997) Anal Chem 69:216–220
Chihiro Ueda, Daniel Chi-Sing Tse, Theodore Kuwana (1982) Anal Chem 54:850–856
Murthy ASN, Anita (1994) Biosens Bioelectron 9:439–444
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Razmi-Nerbin H (2000) J Electroanal Chem 488:17–24
Zhang L, Sun Y, Lin X (2001) Analyst 126:1760–1763
Zhang L, Lin X (2001) Analyst 126:367–370
Zhang L, Jia J, Zou X, Dong S (2004) Electroanalysis 16:1416–1418
Mao H, Pickup PG (1989) J Electroanal Chem 265:127–142
Lyons MEG, Breen W, Cassidy J (1991) J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 87:115–123
Xu J, Zhou D, Chen H (1998) Fresenius J Anal Chem 362:234
Cao Y, Li S, Xue Z, Guo D (1986) Synth Met 16:305–315
Chiang JC, Macdiarmid AG (1986) Synth Met 13:193
Conley R (1972) Infrared Spectrocopy, 2nd edn. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, pp 196–198
Lee JY, Cui CQ, Su XH (1993) J Electroanal Chem 360:177–187
Mav I, Zigon M, Sebenik A (1999) Synth Met 101:717–718
Fan J, Wan M, Zhu D (1998) J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 36:3013–3019
Yue J, Epstein AJ (1990) J Am Chem Soc 112:2800–2801
Yue J, Wang ZH, Cromack KR, Epstein AJ, Macdimard AG (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:2665–2671
Wei X, Wang Y, Long S, Bobeezko C, Epstein AJ (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118:2545–2555
Lapkowski M (1990) Synth Met 35:169–182
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (1980) Electrochemical methods, fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York, p 288 (Chapter 8)
Andrieux CP, Dumas-Bouchiat JM, Savéant JM (1982) J Electroanal Chem 131:1–35
Karabinas P, Jannakoudakis D (1984) J Electroanal Chem 160:159–167
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (1980) Electrochemical methods, fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York, p 143 (Chapter 5)
Galus Z (1976) Fundamentals of electrochemical analysis. Ellis Horwood, New York, p 313 (Chapter 10)
Acknowledgements
I wish to acknowledge the financial support of this paper by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (T0402), Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (05DZ16), and Shanghai Normal University (PL507).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, L. Electrochemical synthesis of self-doped polyaniline and its use to the electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. J Solid State Electrochem 11, 365–371 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-006-0151-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-006-0151-x