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Cellulose-precursor synthesis of nanocrystalline Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ for SOFC anodes

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Abstract

Developments of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT SOFCs) require novel anode materials with a high electrochemical activity at 800–1070 K. The polarization of cermet anodes, made of nickel, ceria and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and applied onto a YSZ solid electrolyte, can be significantly reduced by catalytically active ceria additions, the relative role of which increases with decreasing temperature. Further improvement is observed when using Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ (CGO) having a high oxygen ionic conductivity instead of undoped ceria, owing to enlargement of the electrochemical reaction zone. Nanocrystalline CGO powders with grain sizes of 8–35 nm were thus synthesized via the cellulose-precursor technique and introduced into Ni–CGO–YSZ cermets, and tested in contact with a (La0.9Sr0.1)0.98Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) electrolyte at 873–1073 K. The results showed that the anode performance can be enhanced by additional surface activation, in particular by impregnation with a Ce-containing solution, and also by incorporation of YSZ, which probably acts as a cermet-stabilizing component. The overpotential of the surface-modified Ni–CGO (25 wt%–75 wt%) anode in a 10% H2/90% N2 atmosphere was approximately 110 mV at 1073 K with a current density of 200 mA/cm2.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the FCT, Portugal (projects POCTI/CTM/3938/2001 and BD/6827/2001), by the NATO Science for Peace program (project 978002), and by the Belarus Ministry of Education. Experimental assistance of L.V. Solov’eva, A.A. Yaremchenko and N.P. Vyshatko is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 , Aveiro, Portugal

    E. V. Tsipis, V. V. Kharton & J. R. Frade

  2. Institute of Physicochemical Problems, Belarus State University, 14 Leningradskaya Str., 220050 , Minsk, Belarus

    V. V. Kharton, I. A. Bashmakov & E. N. Naumovich

Authors
  1. E. V. Tsipis
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  2. V. V. Kharton
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  3. I. A. Bashmakov
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  4. E. N. Naumovich
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  5. J. R. Frade
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. V. Tsipis.

Additional information

Presented at the OSSEP Workshop “Ionic and Mixed Conductors: Methods and Processes”, Aveiro, Portugal, 10–12 April 2003

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Tsipis, E.V., Kharton, V.V., Bashmakov, I.A. et al. Cellulose-precursor synthesis of nanocrystalline Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ for SOFC anodes. J Solid State Electrochem 8, 674–680 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-004-0507-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-004-0507-z

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