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Understanding gilteritinib resistance to FLT3-F691L mutation through an integrated computational strategy

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Abstract

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) serves as an important drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and gene mutations of FLT3 have been closely associated with AML patients with an incidence rate of ~ 30%. However, the mechanism of the clinically relevant F691L gatekeeper mutation conferred resistance to the drug gilteritinib remained poorly understood. In this study, multiple microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, end-point free energy calculations, and dynamic correlated and network analyses were performed to investigate the molecular basis of gilteritinib resistance to the FLT3-F691L mutation. The simulations revealed that the resistant mutation largely induced the conformational changes of the activation loop (A-loop), the phosphate-binding loop, and the helix αC of the FLT3 protein. The binding abilities of the gilteritinib to the wild-type and the F691L mutant were different through the binding free energy prediction. The simulation results further indicated that the driving force to determine the binding affinity of gilteritinib was derived from the differences in the energy terms of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, the per-residue free energy decomposition suggested that the four residues (Phe803, Gly831, Leu832, and Ala833) located at the A-loop of FLT3 had a significant impact on the binding affinity of gilteritinib to the F691L mutant. This study may provide useful information for the design of novel FLT3 inhibitors specially targeting the F691L gatekeeper mutant.

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Acknowledgments

The authors highly appreciated the provided supercomputer resources by the Nanjing Medical University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China

    Shibo Zhou, Bo Yang & Jinfeng Fu

  2. Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China

    Yufeng Xu

  3. Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China

    Aihua Gu

  4. Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China

    Juan Peng

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  1. Shibo Zhou
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  3. Yufeng Xu
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Contributions

Jinfeng Fu conceived and supervised the project; Shibo Zhou and Bo Yang designed and performed the project; Shibo Zhou, Bo Yang, Yufeng Xu, Aihua Gu, and Juan Peng performed simulations and analyzed the results; Shibo Zhou drafted the manuscript and Jinfeng Fu edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jinfeng Fu.

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Zhou, S., Yang, B., Xu, Y. et al. Understanding gilteritinib resistance to FLT3-F691L mutation through an integrated computational strategy. J Mol Model 28, 247 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-022-05254-0

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