Abstract
We have used molecular dynamics simulations based on many body semi-empirical potentials described by the embedded atom method, to analyze and understand the diffusion and coalescence phenomena of Au-clusters during the heteroepitaxial growth on Ag (110) surface. Temperature ranging from 300 to 700 K were considered. In this study, we examined the heterogeneous system Aun/Ag(110), where n is the number of atoms in each cluster/island (with n = 15, ….35). Our results show that the clusters diffuse on the Ag (110) surface via different diffusion processes, namely, the exchange mechanism and the simple jump, which generate a 2D to 3D transition. Formation and adsorption energies of clusters with different sizes have been computed using static simulations. The dynamic study of coalescence for two islands of system Au15; Au0 − 9/Ag(110) at different temperatures makes it possible to deduce the detail of cluster shape and the influence of its temperature on the stability of the system and its growth during this evolution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Granneman, E. Petfalski, and D. Tollervey, “A cluster of ribosome synthesis factors regulate open,” vol. 30, no. 19, pp. 4006–4019, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.256
Y. Xiang, X. Wu, D. Liu, X. Jiang, and W. Chu, “Formation of rectangularly shaped Pd/Au bimetallic nanorods: evidence for competing growth of the Pd shell between the { 110 } and { 100 } side facets of Au nanorods,” pp. 2–6, 2006
Kellogg GL (1994) Field ion microscope studies of single-atom surface diffusion and cluster nucleation on metal surfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 21(1–2):1–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5729(94)90007-8
Venables JA, Harding JH (2000) Nucleation and growth of supported metal clusters at defect sites on oxide and halide (001) surfaces. J. Cryst. Growth 211(1):27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00837-4
Henry CR (2000) Catalytic activity of supported nanometer-sized metal clusters. Appl. Surf. Sci. 164(1–4):252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00344-5
M. Shen et al., “Accelerated coarsening of Ag adatom islands on Ag (111) due to trace amounts of S: mass-transport mediated by Ag – S complexes vol. 094701, no. May 2012, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3078033
K. B. Gylfason et al., “Process considerations for layer-by-layer 3D patterning of silicon, using ion implantation, silicon deposition, and selective silicon etching” vol. 05, no. 2012, pp. 3–7, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4756947
H. J. Kim et al., “On the formation mechanism of epitaxial Ge islands on partially relaxed SiGe buffer layers,” vol. 2257, no. 2004, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1775188
T. Kitajima, B. Liu, S. R. Leone, T. Kitajima, B. Liu, and S. R. Leone, “Two-dimensional periodic alignment of self-assembled Ge islands on patterned Si (001) surfaces ” vol. 497, no. 001, pp. 2000–2003, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434307
Hill H (2009) Fixing teacher professional development. Phi Delta Kappan 90:470–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663912467814
N. Motta, P. D. Szkutnik, M. Tomellini, and A. Sgarlata, “Role of patterning in islands nucleation on semiconductor surfaces,” vol. 7, pp. 1046–1072, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.013
El Azrak H et al (2019) Investigation of fcc and hcp island nucleated during homoepitaxial growth of copper by molecular dynamics simulation. Superlattice. Microst. 127:118–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2017.12.056
Hassani A et al (2019) Superlattices and microstructures statistical investigations of the film-substrate interface during aluminum deposition on Ni (111) by molecular dynamics simulation. Superlattice. Microst. 127:80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2018.03.008
Kherbouche EF, Annou R (2015) Behavior of Cu and Ni clusters landing at grazing incidence on Ni(001) and Cu(001) surfaces: molecular dynamics simulation. Comput. Mater. Sci. 110:353–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.07.039
Nita F, Mastail C, Abadias G (2016) Three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of cubic transition metal nitride thin film growth. Phys. Rev. B 93:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.064107
Restrepo OA, Mousseau N (2017) Study of point defects diffusion in nickel using kinetic activation-relaxation technique Acta Materialia. Acta Mater. 144(2018):679–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.11.021
Marinica MC, Willaime F, Mousseau N (2011) Energy landscape of small clusters of self-interstitial dumbbells in iron. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.094119
Fu TY, Tsong TT (2001) Structure and diffusion mechanism of Ir and Rh tetramers on Ir (001) surfaces. Surf. Sci. 482–485:1249–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(01)00906-2
Han Y, Stoldt CR, Thiel PA, Evans JW (2016) Ab initio thermodynamics and kinetics for coalescence of two-dimensional nanoislands and nanopits on metal (100) surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C 120(38):21617–21630. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07328
Yang W, Zeman M, Ade H, Nemanich RJ (2003) Attractive migration and coalescence: a significant process in the coarsening of TiSi 2 islands on the Si (111) surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(April):4–7. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.136102
Van Siclen CD (1995) Single jump mechanisms for large cluster diffusion on metal surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75(8):1574–1577. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1574
Uberuaga BP, Martı E (2015) Mobility and coalescence of stacking fault tetrahedra in Cu. Sci. Rep. 5(V):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09084
Stoldt CR et al (2009) Smoluchowski ripening of Ag islands on Ag (100). Chem. Phys. (100):111, 5157. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479770
Dardouri M, Hassani A, Hasnaoui A, Arbaoui A, Boughaleb Y, Sbiaai K (2019) Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of coverage effect on Ag and Au monolayers growth on Cu (110). J. Cryst. Growth 522(June):139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.06.024
Dardouri M, Sbiaai K, Hassani A, Hasnaoui A, Boughaleb Y (2019) Silver monolayer formation on Cu (110) by kinetic Monte Carlo. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 134:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12503-8
R. Gomer, “Diffusion of adsorbates on metal surfaces,” Reports on Progress in Physics, vol. 53, no. October 1989, pp. 917–1002, 1990. http://iopscience.iop.org/0034-4885/53/7/002
A. M. Shikin, D. V Vyalikh, Y. S. Dedkov, G. V Prudnikova, and V. K. Adamchuk, “Extended energy range of Ag quantum-well states in Ag (111)/Au (111)/W (110),” Phys. Rev. B,vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 2303–2306, 2000
Fu TY, Hwang YJ, Tsong TT (2003) Structure and diffusion of Pd clusters on the W(110) surface. Appl. Surf. Sci. 219(1–2):143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00596-8
Wu Y et al (2012) Enhancement of Ag cluster mobility on Ag surfaces by chloridation. Chem. Phys. vol. 184705. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4759266
Sbiaai K et al (2012) Diffusion of Ag dimer on Cu (110) by dissociation-reassociation and concerted jump processes. Int. Conf. Transparent Opt. Networks 110:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2012.6253824
Elkoraychy E, Sbiaai K, Mazroui M, Ferrando R, Boughaleb Y (2017) Heterodiffusion of Ag adatoms on imperfect Au (110) surfaces. Chem. Phys. Lett. 669:150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.031
Sbiaai K, Boughaleb Y, Mazroui M, Hajjaji A, Kara A (2013) Energy barriers for diffusion on heterogeneous stepped metal surfaces: Ag/Cu(110). Thin Solid Films 548:331–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.09.064
Poteau R, Heully JL, Spiegelmann F (1997) Structure, stability, and vibrational properties of small silver cluster. Zeitschrift fur Phys. D-Atoms Mol. Clust. 40(1):479–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004600050257
Wang R, Fichthorn KA (1995) Kinetics of intermixing in Au/Ag(110) heteroepitaxy: a molecular-dynamics study. Phys. Rev. B 51(3):1957–1960. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.51.1957
Haftel MI, Rosen M, Franklin T, Hettermann M (1994) Molecular dynamics observations of interdiffusion and Stranski-Krastanov growth in the early film deposition of Au on Ag(110). Physical Review Lett 72:12
Haftel MI, Rosen M (1995) Molecular-dynamics description of early film deposition of Au on Ag(110). Phys. Rev 51(7):8. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.51.4426
Yang Y et al (2013) Controlled growth of Ag/au bimetallic nanorods through kinetics control. Chem. Mater. 25(1):34–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm302928z
Esplandiu MJ, Schneeweiss MA, Kolb DM (1999) An in situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ag electrodeposition on Au (111). Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1(111):4847–4854. https://doi.org/10.1039/A906140A
Fichthorn KA, Scheffler M (2000) Island nucleation in thin-film epitaxy: a first-principles investigation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(23):5371–5374. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5371
Park C (1988) Growth of Ag, Au and Pd on Ru(OOO1) and CO chemisorption. Surf. Sci 203:395–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(88)90090-8
Daw MS, Baskes MI (1984) Embedded-atom method: derivation and application to impurities, surfaces, and other defects in metals. Phys. Rev. B 29(12):6443–6453. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.29.6443
Evans JW, Thiel PA, Bartelt MC (2006) Morphological evolution during epitaxial thin film growth: formation of 2D islands and 3D mounds. Surf. Sci. Rep. 61(1–2):1–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2005.08.004
M. Bon, N. Ahmad, R. Erni, and D. Passerone, “Reliability of two embedded atom models for the description of Ag @ Au nanoalloys,” Phys, J Chem, vol. 064105, no. April, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5107495
Mottet C, Ferrando R, Hontinfinde F, Levi AC (1998) Simulation of the submonolayer homoepitaxial clusters growth on Ag(110). Surf. Sci. 417(1–4):220–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100530050500
Ndongmouo UT, Hontinfinde F (2004) Diffusion and growth on fcc(110) metal surfaces: a computational study. Surf. Sci. 571(1–3):89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.08.010
Kyuno K, Ehrlich G (2000) Cluster diffusion and dissociation in the kinetics of layer growth: an atomic view. Phys. Rev. Lett 84:3. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2658
Liu F, Hu W, Deng H, Luo W, Xiao S, Yang J (2009) Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B energetics and self-diffusion behavior of Zr atomic clusters on a Zr (0001) surface. Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B 267(18):3267–3270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.06.055
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eddiai, F., Dardouri, M., Hassani, A. et al. Shape transition and coalescence of Au islands on Ag (110) by molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 27, 120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-04734-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-04734-z