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Hydration and swelling: a theoretical investigation on the cooperativity effect of H-bonding interactions between p-hydroxy hydroxymethyl calix[4]/[5]arene and H2O by many-body interaction and density functional reactivity theory

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Abstract

In order to explore the nature of the hydration and swelling of superabsorbent resin, a theoretical investigation into the cooperativity effect of the H-bonding interactions in the hydrates of four model compounds that can be regarded as the units of hydroquinone formaldehyde resin (HFR) (i.e., O-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, methylene di-O-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, p-hydroxy hydroxymethyl calix[4]arene and p-hydroxy hydroxymethyl calix[5]arene) was carried out by many-body interaction and density functional reactivity theory. The HFR···H2O···H2O complexes, in which the H2O···H2O moieties are bound with both the hydroxyl groups of HFR, are the most stable. For the HFR(H2O)n clusters, the interaction energy per building block is increased as the number of the size n increases, indicating the cooperativity effect. Therefore, a deduction is given that the cooperativity effects of the H-bonding interactions play an important role in the process of the hydration and swelling of HFR, and the swelling behavior is mainly attributed to the cooperativity effects which arised from the interactions between the H2O molecules. The origin of the cooperativity effect was examined employing several information-theoretic quantities in the density functional reactivity theory. The degree of swelling of HFR was quantitated using a measure of volume.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Professor Chun-ying Rong (Hunan Normal University) and Professor Shu-bin Liu (University of North Carolina) for their help in the calculations of the information-theoretic quantities. The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 201801D121067).

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  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China

    Hui-ru Gong, Fu-de Ren, Lin-xiu Zhao, Duan-lin Cao & Jian-long Wang

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Correspondence to Fu-de Ren.

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We allow the journal to review all the data, and we confirm the validity of results. There is none of the financial relationships. This work was not published previously, and it is not submitted to more than one journal. It is also not split up into several parts to submit. No data have been fabricated or manipulated.

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Optimized structures of eight binary systems and the numerical values of the interaction energies per building block and the change of four information-theoretic quantities (ΔSS: Shannon entropy; ΔIF: Fisher information; ΔSGBP: Ghosh-Berkowitz-Parr entropy; ΔIG:information gain) per building block in HFR(H2O)15 are collected in Supplementary data.

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Gong, Hr., Ren, Fd., Zhao, Lx. et al. Hydration and swelling: a theoretical investigation on the cooperativity effect of H-bonding interactions between p-hydroxy hydroxymethyl calix[4]/[5]arene and H2O by many-body interaction and density functional reactivity theory. J Mol Model 26, 190 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-020-04442-0

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