Abstract
We isolated and characterized the community of cultivable fungi associated with marine macroalgae present in the Magellan sub-Antarctic straits and the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica, and evaluated their production of bioactive metabolites. A total of 201 filamentous fungal isolates were obtained. The genera Antarctomyces, Pseudogymnoascus, Microdochium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Neoascochyta, Entomortierella and Linnemannia were associated with Antarctic macroalgae, with Neoascochyta paspali being the most abundant taxon. In contrast, 12 taxa representing Cadophora, Microdochium, Penicillium, Pseudogymnoascus were associated with macroalgae from the Magellan sub-Antarctic, with Penicillium dominating the assemblages. The diversity indices of the fungal communities associated with macroalgae in the two regions were similar. Among 177 fungal extracts assessed for metabolite production, 31 (17.5%) showed strong phytotoxic activity and 17 (9.6%) showed anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Penicillium showed the highest phytotoxic and anti-Trypanosoma activity values. The detection of taxa in common between the polar and cold temperate zones reinforces the need for further investigations of the distribution of species in these distinct ecoregions. The detection of bioactive extracts produced particularly by Penicillium representatives reinforces the potential to obtain active molecules that can be explored as natural products or as sources of bioactive compounds with application in agriculture and biomedicine.
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All fungal sequences were deposited in the NCBI database.
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Acknowledgements
This study received financial support from CNPq, PROANTAR, CAPES and FAPEMIG. We thank Network of Technological Platforms from FIOCRUZ, for the support and financing of the services provided by the Platform Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais-MG (RPT10A)/FIOCRUZ-Minas and Platform Bioensaios para triagem de drogas anti-Trypanosoma cruzi (PlaBio Tc). PC is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team. LHR, CLZ, TMAA and SMFM are CNPq research fellows.
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MSF, CRC, FMP, AOM, LHR conceived the study. AOM, JM, LHR performed the algal sampling. MSF, CRC performed the phytotoxic assays. TMAA, SMFM, CLZ performed the biological assays. MSF, CRC, FMP, AOM, JM, TMAA, SMFM, CLZ, PC, LHR analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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de Freitas, M.S., de Carvalho, C.R., Pellizzari, F.M. et al. Diversity, distribution and phytotoxic and anti-Trypanosoma activities of cultivable fungi associated with Magellan sub-Antarctic strait and Maritime Antarctic macroalgae. Extremophiles 28, 46 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-024-01363-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-024-01363-1