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The largest moss carpet transplant in Antarctica and its bryosphere cryptic biodiversity

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Abstract

As part of the reconstruction of the Brazilian Antarctic Station on King George Island, three areas of moss carpet were transplanted to minimize the impact of the new facilities on the local biodiversity. A total of 650 m2 of moss carpet was transplanted to neighboring but previously uncolonized locations and has subsequently survived for the last 3 years. Antarctic moss carpets typically comprise low moss species diversity and are often monospecific. We investigated the cryptic biodiversity that was transplanted along with the carpets using a metabarcoding approach through high throughput sequencing. We targeted 16S rRNA for Bacteria and Archaea, ITS for Fungi and Viridiplantae and Cox1 for Metazoa. We detected DNA representing 263 taxa from five Kingdoms (Chromista, Fungi, Metazoa, Protista and Viridiplantae), two Domains (Archaea and Bacteria) and 33 Phyla associated with the carpet. This diversity included one Archaea, 189 Bacteria, 24 Chromista, 19 Fungi, eight Metazoa, seven Protista and 16 Viridiplantae. Bacteria was the most abundant, rich and diverse group, with Chromista second in diversity and richness. Metazoa was less diverse but second highest in dominance. This is the first study to attempt transplanting a significant area of moss carpet to minimize anthropogenic environmental damage in Antarctica and to use metabarcoding as a proxy to assess diversity associated with Antarctic moss carpets, further highlighting the importance of such habitats for other organisms and their importance for conservation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Brazilian Navy, Brazilian Air Force and the staff at Ferraz station (GB Ferraz). This study received financial support from CNPq, PROANTAR, INCT Criosfera 2. P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team. We also thank congresswoman Jô Moraes and the Biological Sciences Institute of the University of Brasilia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil

    Paulo E. A. S. Câmara, Micheline Carvalho Silva & Diego Knop Henriques

  2. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK

    Peter Convey

  3. Instituto Brasileiro Do Meio Ambiente, IBAMA, Brasilia, Brazil

    Sandro B. Rangel

  4. China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation, CEIEC, Beijing, China

    Marcelo Konrath

  5. Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil

    Cristine Chaves Barreto

  6. Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil

    Otavio H. B. Pinto

  7. Universidade Estadual Do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil

    Hermeson Cassiano de Oliveira

  8. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Luiz H. Rosa

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Câmara, P.E.A.S., Convey, P., Rangel, S.B. et al. The largest moss carpet transplant in Antarctica and its bryosphere cryptic biodiversity. Extremophiles 25, 369–384 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-021-01235-y

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