Skip to main content

The insight into diatom diversity, ecology, and biogeography of an extreme cold ultraoligotrophic Lake Labynkyr at the Pole of Cold in the northern hemisphere

Extremophiles volume 24, pages 603–623 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The freshwater ultraoligotrophic Lake Labynkyr is located near the Pole of Cold in the northern hemisphere (Yakutia, Russia). The lake is covered by ice during 240 days a year. We undertook several expeditions to the lake during the ice and open water periods for sampling ice fouling, plankton and periphyton that were then analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. As a result, we identified a high biodiversity of diatoms—123 species and intraspecific taxa from 53 genera, among them 3 species were new for Russia and 26 taxa were new for the algal flora of Yakutia. The oligo- and xenosaprobionts and their variations dominate—71 taxa. 18 Species were evaluated as tolerant to cold oligotrophic waters, 12 occurred on the ice bottom, and 62 in the water column under ice (0–25 m). 104 taxa were found during the open water period, 70 taxa were identified in the periphyton. We showed the diatom flora of Lake Labynkyr to be unique compared with other lakes of Yakutia and to share taxa with the diatom flora of Lake Baikal. The diatoms being indicators of the global climate changes and ecological status of lakes, our data can be used as an evidence of such changes as well as to be useful studies of biogeography and history of formation of flora in Arctic and Subarctic waters.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  • Abakumov VA (ed) (1992) Rukovodstvo po gidrobiologicheskomu monitoring gjverhnostnyh ekosistem Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg (in Russian)

  • Arzhakova SK, Zhirkov II, Kusatov KI, Androsov IM (2007) A quick-reference book on rivers and lakes of Yakutia. Bichik, Yakutsk. pp 1–136 (in Russian)

  • Antipova NL (1956) De specie nova generis Cyclotella e Lacu Baikal. Bot Mater Otd Spor Rast Bot Inst Akad Nauk SSSR 11:35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Atlas of the agriculture of Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1989) Main Administration of geodesy and cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Moscow (in Russian)

  • Barinova SS, Medvedeva LA, Anisimova OV (2006) Diversity of algal indicators in environmental assessment. Tel Aviv (in Russian)

  • Bessudova AU, Tomberg IV, Firsova AD, Kopyrina LI, Likhoshway YV (2019) Silica-scaled chrysophytes in lakes Labynkyr and Vorota, of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Russia. Nova Hedwigua pp 35–48

  • Bondarenko NA, Genkal SI (2005) On The discovery of Baikal endemic algae in mountain lakes in Transbaikalia. Bot J 90:1398–1411 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorofeyuk NI, Tsetsegmaa D (2002) Summary of the flora of algae of Mongolia. Science, Moscow, pp 1–282 (in Russian)

  • Downes BJ, Lake PS, Schreiber ESG, Glaister A (1998) Habitat structure and regulation of local species diversity in a stony, upland stream. Ecol Monogr 68(2):237–257. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0237:HSAROL]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar RE, Morris PF, Rozmarynowycz MJ, D’souza NA, Moniruzzaman M, Bourbonniere RA, Bullerjahna GS, Phuntumarta V, Wilhelm SW, McKay RML (2016) Adaptations to photoautotrophy associated with seasonal ice cover in a large lake revealed by metatranscriptome analysis of a winter diatom bloom. J Great Lakes Res 42(5):1007–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund MB, Soninkhishig N, Williams DM, Stoermer EF (2001) Biodiversity of Mongolia: checklist of diatoms, including new distributional reports of 31 taxa. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 72:59–90. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/72/2001/59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genkal SI, Popovskaya GI, Belikh OI, Firsova AD (2005) New and interesting diatoms in plankton of Lake Hubsugul: Centrophyceae. Inland Water Biol 4:3–8 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorodnichev RM (2015) Interrelation of diatom complexes, morphometric and hydrochemical characteristics of lake ecosystems of the North Yakutua. Dissertation, North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk (in Russian)

  • Guiry MD, Guiry GM (2020) AlgaeBase World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org

  • Hejduková E, Pinseel E, Vanormelingen P, Nedbalová L, Elster J, Vyverman W, Sabbe K (2019) Tolerance of pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) to experimental freezing: comparison of polar and temperate strains. Phycologia 58(4):382–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2019.1591835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houk V, Klee R, Tanaka H (2010) Atlas of freshwater centric diatoms with a brief key and descriptions. Part III. Stephanodiscaceae A. Cyclotella, Tertiarius Discotella. Fottea 10(Suppl):1–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Hustedt F. (1937–1938). Systematische und okologische Untersuchungen uber die Diatomeen Flora von Java, Bali und Sumatra. Arch Hydrobiol 15 (Suppl): 16

  • Hustedt F (1961–1966) Die Kieselalgen von Deutschland, Ӧsterreichs und der Schweiz. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora. Leipzig 3:1–816

  • Identification guide of USSR freshwater algae. Diatom algae (1951). Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow. 4:1–520 (in Russian)

  • Izyumenko SA (ed) (1966) Meteorological handbook of USSR. Yakutian ASSR. Part 2. The temperature of air and soil. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad. 24:1–398 (in Russian)

  • Izyumenko SA (ed) (1968) Meteorological Handbook of USSR. Yakutian ASSR. Part 4. The humidity, precipitation, snow cover. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad. 24: 351 (in Russian)

  • Kagan LY (2012) Diatom Algae in the Euro-Arctic Region. Annotated collection (ancient and modern marine and freshwater ones). Kola Scientific Center of RAS SB Publishing House, Apatity (in Russian)

  • Kharitonov VG (2014) Diatomovye vodorosli Kolymy. Kordis, Magadan (in Russian)

  • Kharitonov VG, Genkal SI (2012) Diatomovye vodorosli ozera Elgygytgyn I ego okrestnostey (Chukotka). SVNTS DVO RAN, Magadan (isn Russian)

  • Komarenko LE, Vasilyeva II (1975) Diatomovye I sinezelenye vodorosli vodoemov Yakutii. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)

  • Kopyrina LI (2012) To studying of diatomic algas of the lake Labynkyr. Biological diversity and efficiency of water ecosystems of the North: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference devoted to the 100 anniversary since the birth of the honored worker of science of RS (Ya), Doctor of Biological Science F.N. Kirillov, Conference Proceedings. Yakutsk, Russia, pp 177–181 (in Russian)

  • Kopyrina LI, Genkal SI, Remigailo PA (2020) Diatoms of the island tit-ary (the lower reaches of the Lena River). Inland Water Biol (in press) (in Russian)

  • Korzhuev SS (1965) Relief and geological structure. In: Korzhuev SS (ed) Yakutia. Nauka, Moscow, pp 29–114 (in Russian)

  • Kozhova OM, Zagorenko GF, Ladeyschikova EN (1977) Features of phytoplankton oz. Hubsugul Hydrobiol J 13:77–82 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krammer K (1997a) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen, Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa, Teil 1 Allgemeines und Encyonema Part. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Band 36. Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart. pp 1–382

  • Krammer K (1997b) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen, Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa, Teil 2 Encyonema part., Encyonopsis and Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Band 37. Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart. pp 1–469

  • Krammer K (2002) The genus Cymbella In: Lange-Bertalot H (ed) Diatoms of Europe, diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable habitats. A. R. G. Gantner, Verlag K.G., Ruggell, vol 3, pp 1–584

  • Krammer K (2003) Cymbopleura, Delicata, Navicymbula, Gomphocymbellopsis, Afrocymbella. In: Lange-Bertalot H (ed) Diatoms of Europe, Diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable habitats. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Rugell, vol. 4, pp 1–529

  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H (1986) Bacillariophyceae (Naviculaceae). In: Ettl H, Gerlof J, Heynig H, Mollenhauer D (eds) Sußwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Band 2.1. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 1–876

  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H (1988) Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Ettl H, Gerloff J, Heynig H, Mollenhauer D (eds) Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, 2/2. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 1–596

  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H (1991a) Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 1–596

  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H (1991b) Bacillariophyceae. 1–4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungenzu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 1–437

  • Kulikovskiy MS, Lange-Bertalot H, Khursevich GK, Kuznetsova IV (2012) New diatom species of the genus Eolimna (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal. Novitates Syst Plant Non Vas 46:46–51 (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulikovskiy MS, Lange-Bertalot H, Kuznetsova IV (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. Iconograph Diatomolog 26:1–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulikovskiy M, Glushchenko AM, Kuznetsova IV, Genkal SI (2016) Identification book of diatoms from Russia. Filigran, Yaroslavl (in Russian)

  • Lange-Bertalot H (2001) Navicula sensu stricto. 10 genera separated from Navicula sensu lato. Frustulia. In: Lange-Bertalot H (ed) Diatoms of Europe: diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. vol. 2. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag. K. G., Ruggell, pp 1–526

  • Lange-Bertalot H, Bąk M, Witkowski A (2011) Eunotia and some related genera. In: Lange-Bertalot H (ed) Diatoms of Europe. vol. 6. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Koenigstein, pp 1–747

  • Lange-Bertalot H, Genkal SI (1999) Diatoms from Siberia. In: Islands in the Arctic Ocean (Yugorsky-Shar Strait). Iconographia Diatomologica 6: 1–271

  • Langangen A (2007) Charophytes of the Nordic countries. Oslo Saeculum ANS: 101

  • Levkov Z (2009) Amphora sensu lato. In: Lange-Bertalot H (ed) Diatoms of Europe: diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. vol. 5. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag. K. G., Ruggell, pp 1–916

  • Levkov Z, Metzeltin D, Pavlov A (2013) Luticola, Luticolopsis. Diatoms of Europe: diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. vol. 7 Köningstein, pp 1–697

  • Loseva EI, Stenina AS, Marchenko-Vagapova TI (2004) Inventory of fossil and existing diatom algae of the European North-Eastern Russia. Geoprint, Sktyvkar (in Russian)

  • Mock T, Thomas DN (2008) Microalgae in polar regions: linking functional genomics and physiology with environmental conditions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 297–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakov T, Guillory WX, Julius ML, Theriot EC, Alverson AJ (2015) Towards a phylogenetic classification of species belonging to the diatom genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyceae):transfer of species formerly placed in Puncticulata, Handmannia, Pliocaenicus and Cyclotella to the genus Lindavia. Phytotaxa 217(3):249–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.3.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noga T, Stanek-Tarkowska J, Pajączek A, Peszek Ł, Kochman N (2013) Ecological characterization of diatom communities in the Wisłok River with application of their indicatory role to the evaluation of water quality. J Ecol Eng 14(4):18–27. https://doi.org/10.5604/2081139X.1066219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantle R, Buck H (1955) Biological monitoring of water bodies and the presentation of results. Gas und Wasserfach 96:604

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrick R, Reimer CW (1966) The diatoms of the United States. Vol. 1. Monograph 13. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

  • Patrick R, Reimer CW (1975) The diatoms of the United States. Vol. 2, Part 1. Monograph No. 13. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

  • Pestryakova LA (2008) Diatom complexes in lakes of Yakutia. Yakutsk State University publishing house, Yakutsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomazkina GV, Rodionova EV (2003) Benthic Bacillariophyta in Southern Baikal. Int J Algae 5(4):29–40. https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i4.30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pomazkina GV, Rodionova EV (2014) Diatomovye vodorosli semeistva Cymbellaceae ozera Baikal. Nauka, Novosibirsk

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomazkina GV, Rodionova EV, Sherbakova TA (2018) Benthic diatom algae of the family Naviculaceae of Lake Baikal. Atlas and key. In: Guides and keys to identification of fauna and flora of Lake Baikal. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp 1‒313 (in Russian)

  • Popovskaya GI, Genkal SI, Firsova AD, Yev L (2006) The role of endemic diatom algae in the phytoplankton of Lake Baikal. Hydrobiologia 568(1):87–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0328-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popovskaya GI, Genkal SI, Likhoshway YV (2016) Diatoms of the Plankton of Lake Baikal: Atlas and Key. Nauka, Novosibirsk

    Google Scholar 

  • Potapova MG, Hamilton PB, Kopyrina LI, Sosina NK (2014) New and rare diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from a mountain lake in Eastern Siberia. Phytotaxa 156(3):100–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.156.3.2s

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichardt E (1999) Zur revision der gattung Gomphonema. Iconogr Diatomolog 8:1–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanov RE, Kopyrina LI (2014) The first data on the species composition of Charophytes (Characeae, Streptophyta) in Yakutia. Bot J 99(11):1242–1250

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusanov BS, Bordenkova ZF, Goncharov, VF (1967) Geomorphology of Eastern Yakutia, Yakutsk (in Russian)

  • Salden N (1978) Beitrage zur Ӧkologie der Diatomeen (Bacillariophyceae) des Süβwassers. Decheniana

  • Schmid AM, Crawford RM (2001) Ellerbeckia arenaria (Bacillariophyceae): formation of auxospores and initial cells. Eur J Phycol 36:307–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260110001735468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivtseva AI, Mostakhov MU, Dmitrieva ZM (1990) Geography of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Yakutsk

  • Skvortzow BW (1937) Bottom diatoms from Olkhon Gate of Baikal Lake, Siberia. Phil J Sci 62:293–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Skvortzow BW, Meyer CI (1928) A contribution to the diatoms of Lake Baikal. Proceedings of the Sungaree River Biological Station. 1:1−55

  • Sladeček V (1973) System of water quality from the biological point of view. Ergebnisse Limnologie 7:1–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Sladeček V (1986) Diatoms as indicators of organic pollution. Acta Hydro Hydrobiol 14(5):555–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19860140519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sovereign HE (1963) New and rare diatoms from Oregon and Washington. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4(31):349–368

  • Stenina AS (2009) Diatom algae (Bacillariophyta) in lakes of the East of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. Syktyvkar (in Russian)

  • Stevenson RJ, Bothwell M, Lowe RL (1996) Algal ecology: freshwater benthic ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomberg IV, Kopyrina LI, Bessudova AYu, Firsova AD, Bashenkhayeva MV, Zakharova YuR, Gorina EO (2017) Hydrochemistry and phytoplankton of the Lake Labynkyr and Lake Vorota (Sakha Republic). International conference “Lakes of Eurasia: problems and paths of their decision”, Conference Proceedings, Petrozavodsk, Russia, pp 426–432 (in Russian)

  • Trábert Z, Duleba M, Bíró T, Dobosy P, Földi A, Hidas A, Tihamér Kiss K, Óvári M, Takács A, Várbíró G, Záray G, Ács É (2020) Effect of Land Use on the Benthic Diatom Community of the Danube River in the Region of Budapes. Water 12:479. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Troeva EI, Isaev AP, Cherosov MM, Karpov NS (eds) (2010) The far north: plant biodiversity and ecology of Yakutia. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Usoltseva M, Kopyrina L, Titova L, Morozov A, Firsova A, Zakharova Y, Bashenkhaeva M, Maslennikova M, Likhoshway Y (2020) Finding of a putative Lake Baikal endemic, Lindavia minuta, in distant lakes near the Arctic pole in Yakutia (Russia). Diatom Res (in press). https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2020.1747551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasilyeva-Kranina II, Remigailo PA, Gabyshev VA, Kopyrina LI, Pshennikova EV, Ivanova AP, Pestryakova LA (2005) Algae. In: Danilova NS (ed) Diversity of Yakutia Vegetation. Novosibirsk, pp 150–272 (in Russian)

  • Williams DM, Khursevich GK, Fedenya SA, Flower RJ (2006) The fossil record in Lake Baikal: comments on the diversity and duration of some benthic species, with special reference to the genus Tetracyclus. Proceedings of the International Diatom Symposium 18:465–478

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge I. E. Zhullyarov and A. A. Dolzhenkov, the Chairman and the member of the Oymyakon Department of the Russian Geographical Society in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, E. P. Chebykin (LIN SO RAN) and the divers A. S. Gubin, D. A. Shiller, M. V. Astakhov, S. V. Bulochkin and V. I. Chernykh, for their assistance during the field studies. During the expedition, Shiller D. A. and Gubin A. S. dived to a depth of 52 m, which is a world record for the Pole of Cold. The work is done within the State Assignments of Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) (No. AAAA-A17-117020110056-0) (organization and execution of expeditions) and of Limnological Institute SB RAS (No. AAAA-A16-116122110059-3) (analysis of diatoms). The microscopy studies were done in the Electron Microscopy Center of the Shared Research Facilities “Ultramicroanalysis” of Limnological Institute (https://www.lin.irk.ru/copp/).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Lenin Ave., Yakutsk, 677980, Russia

    Liubov Kopyrina

  2. Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya Street, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

    Alena Firsova, Elena Rodionova, Yulia Zakharova, Maria Bashenkhaeva, Marina Usoltseva & Yelena Likhoshway

Authors
  1. Liubov Kopyrina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alena Firsova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elena Rodionova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yulia Zakharova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maria Bashenkhaeva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Marina Usoltseva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yelena Likhoshway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alena Firsova.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Communicated by A. Oren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kopyrina, L., Firsova, A., Rodionova, E. et al. The insight into diatom diversity, ecology, and biogeography of an extreme cold ultraoligotrophic Lake Labynkyr at the Pole of Cold in the northern hemisphere. Extremophiles 24, 603–623 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01181-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01181-1

Keywords

  • Lake Labynkyr
  • Pole of Cold in the northern hemisphere
  • Plankton
  • Periphyton
  • Diatoms