Abstract
Raoul Island is a subaerial island volcano approximately 1000 km northeast of New Zealand. Its caldera contains a circumneutral closed-basin volcanic lake and several associated pools, as well as intertidal coastal hot springs, all fed by a hydrothermal system sourced from both meteoric water and seawater. Here, we report on the geochemistry, prokaryotic community diversity, and cultivatable abundance of thermophilic microorganisms of four terrestrial features and one coastal feature on Raoul. Hydrothermal fluid contributions to the volcanic lake and pools make them brackish, and consequently support unusual microbial communities dominated by Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Alphaproteobacteria, and Thaumarchaeota, as well as up to 3% of the rare sister phylum to Cyanobacteria, Candidatus Melainabacteria. The dominant taxa are mesophilic to moderately thermophilic, phototrophic, and heterotrophic marine groups related to marine Planctomycetaceae. The coastal hot spring/shallow hydrothermal vent community is similar to other shallow systems in the Western Pacific Ocean, potentially due to proximity and similarities of geochemistry. Although rare in community sequence data, thermophilic methanogens, sulfur-reducers, and iron-reducers are present in culture-based assays.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Rutherford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship (RF-GNS1501-PD) to L.S. Additional support was provided through the New Zealand government core funding provided to GNS Science to V.S., M.S., and C.d.R. Sampling on Raoul Island was made possible by the assistance of the Department of Conservation (DOC) teams both departing and arriving at the time of our visit, as well as the New Zealand Navy, who provided transport to Raoul. We would particularly like to acknowledge Bruce Parkes, Nate St Hill, Jamie Carey, and Eleanor Cooper of DOC, who accompanied us (L.S. and V.S.) on sampling trips, and the crew of the HMNZS Wellington. Brad Scott, of GNS Science, provided us with access to historical records of geochemistry and temperature for Raoul Island hydrothermal features dating from 2000 to 2015. We acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors EQC, GNS Science and LINZ, for providing data/images used in this study. Mike Stewart, also of GNS Science, provided advice on isotope data analysis. We would also like to acknowledge the Geomicrobiology Research Group at GNS (Carlo Carere, Jean Power, Karen Houghton, and Hanna-Annette Peach) for assisting with lab space for L.S. and helpful suggestions in manuscript preparation.
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Stewart, L.C., Stucker, V.K., Stott, M.B. et al. Marine-influenced microbial communities inhabit terrestrial hot springs on a remote island volcano. Extremophiles 22, 687–698 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-018-1029-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-018-1029-4