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Microbial diversity and activity in hypersaline high Arctic spring channels

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Abstract

Lost Hammer (LH) spring is a unique hypersaline, subzero, perennial high Arctic spring arising through thick permafrost. In the present study, the microbial and geochemical characteristics of the LH outflow channels, which remain unfrozen at ≥−18°C and are more aerobic/less reducing than the spring source were examined and compared to the previously characterized spring source environment. LH channel sediments contained greater microbial biomass (~100-fold) and greater microbial diversity reflected by the 16S rRNA clone libraries. Phylotypes related to methanogenesis, methanotrophy, sulfur reduction and oxidation were detected in the bacterial clone libraries while the archaeal community was dominated by phylotypes most closely related to THE ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota. The cumulative percent recovery of 14C-acetate mineralization in channel sediment microcosms exceeded ~30% and ~10% at 5 and −5°C, respectively, but sharply decreased at −10°C (≤1%). Most bacterial isolates (Marinobacter, Planococcus, and Nesterenkonia spp.) were psychrotrophic, halotolerant, and capable of growth at −5°C. Overall, the hypersaline, subzero LH spring channel has higher microbial diversity and activity than the source, and supports a variety of niches reflecting the more dynamic and heterogeneous channel environment.

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Acknowledgments

This project is supported by NSERC CREATE Astrobiology Training Program, CSA Canadian Analogue Research Network Grant Program, Polar Continent Shelf Program, NSERC Discovery Grant Program, and Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill. We thank Dr. M. Wagner for the information regarding Thaumarchaeota, Dr. A. Chao for the questions regarding the indices, Dr. J. Whalen and H. Lalande for the help of C/N/nitrite/nitrate/ammonia analyses, and thanks to the members of the Whyte and Greer Labs for helpful discussions and to Dr. H. Vrionis for critical review of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Chih-Ying Lay, Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk, Christine Martineau & Lyle G. Whyte

  2. College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, USA

    Thomas D. Niederberger

  3. Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada

    Christine Martineau & Charles W. Greer

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  1. Chih-Ying Lay
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  2. Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk
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  3. Thomas D. Niederberger
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  6. Lyle G. Whyte
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Correspondence to Lyle G. Whyte.

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Lay, CY., Mykytczuk, N.C.S., Niederberger, T.D. et al. Microbial diversity and activity in hypersaline high Arctic spring channels. Extremophiles 16, 177–191 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-011-0417-9

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