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Table 3 Reasons for current admission and DSM-5 Diagnoses at discharge in youth in foster care and controls

From: Psychopathology and mental health service use among youth in foster care admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit: a 4-year retrospective controlled study

Diagnosis, n (%)

Foster care (n = 89)

Controls (n = 247)

χ2

p

Reasons current admission

    

 Disruptive behaviour

62 (69.7%)

37 (15.0%)

94.13

 < 0.001*

 Bizarre behavioura

16 (18.0%)

51 (20.6%)

0.29

0.589

 Mood symptoms

12 (13.5%)

79 (32.0%)

11.34

 < 0.001*

 Suicidal thoughts/attempt

10 (11.2%)

42 (17.0%)

1.66

0.197

 Risk taking behavioursb

10 (11.2%)

35 (14.2%)

0.49

0.486

 Low BMI

2 (2.2%)

69 (27.9%)

24.27

 < 0.001e*

Any psychotic disorder

24 (27.0)

47 (19.0)

2.47

0.116

 Psychotic disorder NOS

19 (79.2)

31 (66.0)

 

0.482e

 Schizophrenia

1 (4.2)

6 (12.8)

 Schizoaffective disorder

4 (16.7)

10 (21.3)

Ultra-high risk for psychosis

4 (4.5)

13 (5.3)

 

1.0e

Any mood disorder

37 (41.6)

94 (38.1)

0.34

0.560

 Adjustment disorder

23 (62.1)

28 (29.8)

20.62

 < 0.001*

 MDD

7 (18.9)

45 (47.9)

 Bipolar disorder

5 (13.5)

14 (14.8)

ADHD

20 (13.4)

33 (22.5)

4.08

0.043*

ODD

17 (19.1)

11 (4.5)

18.37

 < 0.001*

Conduct disorder

70 (78.7)

36 (14.6)

136.38

 < 0.001*

Autism spectrum disorder

10 (11.2)

33 (13.4)

0.06

0.607

Any eating disorder

5 (5.6)

63 (25.5)

16.03

 < 0.001*

OCD

1 (1.1)

14 (5.7)

 

0.129e

Intellectual disability

27 (30.3)

16 (6.5)

33.37

 < 0.001*

PTSD

5 (5.6)

5 (2.0)

2.92

0.087

Tourette syndrome

2 (2.3)

5 (2.0)

 

1.0e

Personality traits

6 (6.7)

5 (2.0)

4.59

0.032*

Any substance use disorder

44 (49.4)

68 (27.5)

14.13

 < 0.001*

 Cannabis

31 (34.8)

41 (16.6)

12.91

 < 0.001*

 Alcohol

17 (19.1)

20 (8.1)

8.08

0.004*

 Nicotine

29 (32.6)

54 (21.9)

4.04

0.044*

Comorbidity

86 (96.6)

138 (55.9)

48.91

 < 0.001*

Number of diagnosesc

3.3 ± 1.1 [2–6]

2.3 ± 0.5 [2–4]

 

 < 0.001*

Any medication after discharge

88 (98.9)

220 (89.1)

80.34

 < 0.001*

 Any antipsychoticd

85 (95.5)

186 (75.4)

17.11

 < 0.001*

 SG-LAIAs

22 (24.7)

14 (5.7)

34.82

 < 0.001*

 Antidepressants

26 (29.2)

120 (48.6)

9.98

0.002*

 Mood stabilizers

20 (22.5)

37 (15.0)

2.61

0.106

 ADHD medication

10 (11.2)

16 (6.5)

2.07

0.150

  1. Psychotic Disorder NOS psychotic disorder no otherwise specified, MDD major depression disorder, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ODD oppositional defiant disorder, OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, PTSD post-traumatic Stress disorder, SG-LAIAs second generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics
  2. aBizarre behaviour related to psychotic symptoms
  3. bRisk-taking behaviours include substance drug abuse, risky sexual behaviours and self-harm
  4. cNumber of diagnoses among those with comorbidity
  5. dIncludes oral and/or long-acting injectable antipsychotic
  6. eFisher’s exact test
  7. *p < 0.05
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