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Adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury among adolescents: findings from the 2016–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health

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Abstract

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant public health issue for youth. However, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been almost entirely overlooked in the ACEs and health outcomes literature, which has largely focused on the significant mental and behavioral health impact of ACEs. The goal the current study is to examine the association between ACEs and TBI among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States and the extent to which ADHD and conduct problems inform this association. To assess this relationship, we use a sample of 42,204 adolescents (ages 12–17 years) in the United States whose caregivers were surveyed during the three most recent cohorts (2016–2018) of the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The results revealed a dose–response relationship between ACEs and TBI, even after accounting for an array of confounding variables. Findings also indicated that associations were of a greater magnitude among youth who are not sports-involved. Supplemental mediation analyses showed that ADHD and conduct problems attenuated associations between ACE exposure and TBI, but only in the absence of youth sports involvement. Given that both ACEs and TBI carry long-term consequences for health and well-being, the findings from this study draw attention to the need for early intervention and prevention programming (e.g. home visiting) that can reduce the prevalence of ACEs and a history of TBI among adolescents.

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Acknowledgement

Chad Posick would like to thank the Provost Office at Georgia Southern University for their support of this research during his educational leave.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Dylan B. Jackson

  2. Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA

    Chad Posick

  3. School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Michael G. Vaughn

  4. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, College for Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Alexander Testa

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  1. Dylan B. Jackson
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  2. Chad Posick
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  4. Alexander Testa
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Correspondence to Dylan B. Jackson.

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Jackson, D.B., Posick, C., Vaughn, M.G. et al. Adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury among adolescents: findings from the 2016–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31, 289–297 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01687-1

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