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Gut microbiota and dietary patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry volume 29, pages 287–297 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of ADHD remain unclear. Gut microbiota has been recognized to influence brain function and behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether imbalanced gut microbiomes identified by a 16S rRNA sequencing approach are involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. We recruited a total of 30 children with ADHD (mean age: 8.4 years) and a total of 30 healthy controls (mean age: 9.3 years) for this study. The dietary patterns of all participants were assessed with the food frequency questionnaire. The microbiota of fecal samples were investigated using 16S rRNA V3V4 amplicon sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and statistical analyses. We found that the gut microbiota communities in ADHD patients showed a significantly higher Shannon index and Chao index than the control subjects. Furthermore, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was used to identify differentially enriched bacteria between ADHD patients and healthy controls. The relative abundance of Bacteroides coprocola (B. coprocola) was decreased, while the relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis (B. uniformis), Bacteroides ovatus (B. ovatus), and Sutterella stercoricanis (S. stercoricanis) were increased in the ADHD group. Of all participants, S. stercoricanis demonstrated a significant association with the intake of dairy, nuts/seeds/legumes, ferritin and magnesium. B. ovatus and S. stercoricanis were positively correlated to ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, we suggest that the gut microbiome community is associated with dietary patterns, and linked to the susceptibility to ADHD.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Wei-Tsun Soong for granting us the use of the Chinese version of the K-SADS, and Professor Shur-Fen Gau for granting our use of the Chinese version of the SNAP-IV.

Funding

This work was supported by grant from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Research Grant (CMRPG8E1441) and the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 107-2628-B-182-001).

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Liang-Jen Wang, Wen-Jiun Chou, Min-Jing Lee & Miao-Chun Chou

  2. Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Liang-Jen Wang

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Chia-Yu Yang

  4. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan

    Chia-Yu Yang

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Ho-Chang Kuo

  6. Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Ho-Chang Kuo

  7. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Yuan-Ming Yeh

  8. Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan

    Yuan-Ming Yeh

  9. Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Sheng-Yu Lee

  10. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sheng-Yu Lee

  11. Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

    Lien-Hung Huang & Sung-Chou Li

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  1. Liang-Jen Wang
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787_2019_1352_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary material 1 The distribution of enriched bacteria identified at genus level in the ADHD patients and healthy controls using LEfSe analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) plots at genus levels showed the enriched bacteria in ADHD patients and healthy controls (JPEG 225 kb)

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Wang, LJ., Yang, CY., Chou, WJ. et al. Gut microbiota and dietary patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29, 287–297 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01352-2

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Keywords

  • ADHD
  • Gut–brain axis
  • 16S rRNA sequencing
  • Microbiome
  • Biomarker