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Associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and other childhood disorders with psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescence

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Abstract

Prodromal symptoms of psychosis are associated with an increased risk of transition, functional impairment, poor mental health, and unfavorable developmental prospects. Existing interventions targeting the prodrome are non-satisfactory. It may thus be more promising to attempt to identify risk factors in the premorbid phase preceding the prodrome to increase the chances of successful preventive approaches. Here, we investigate whether childhood mental disorders in general and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) specifically indicate a risk for subsequent psychotic experiences and disorders. We used a sample from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 5528). When the participants were 7 years old, mental disorders were assigned according to the DSM-IV. In standardized interviews, psychotic experiences were assessed at age 12 and psychotic disorders at age 18. We examined the associations of each of the childhood mental disorders alone and in combination with psychotic experiences at age 12 and psychotic disorders at age 18 using logistic regression. Compared to participants without a disorder, participants with a mental disorder had a higher risk of psychotic experiences at age 12 (OR 1.70, 95 % CI 1.28–2.27) and of psychotic disorders at age 18 (OR 2.31, 95 % CI 1.03–5.15). Particularly, the ADHD combined subtype at age 7 was strongly associated with psychotic experiences at age 12 (OR 3.26, 95 % CI 1.74–6.10). As expected, childhood mental disorders are risk indicators of psychotic experiences and disorders. To improve prevention, health care professionals need to screen for psychotic experiences in children with non-psychotic disorders.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provided core support for ALSPAC. Edo S. Jaya received a research grant from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, 91540971). This publication is the work of the authors and all the authors will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper.

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  1. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Timo Hennig, Edo S. Jaya & Tania M. Lincoln

  2. Department of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

    Ute Koglin

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Hennig, T., Jaya, E.S., Koglin, U. et al. Associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and other childhood disorders with psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26, 421–431 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0904-8

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