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Self-reported bruxism in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

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Abstract

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported awake/sleep bruxism, and orofacial pain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

A case–control study with a convenience sample was designed. Participants were recruited from a university-based Trauma Ambulatory. The diagnosis of PTSD was established through a clinical interview and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I/P). Thirty-eight PTSD patients and 38 controls completed the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis-II to categorize awake/sleep bruxism and orofacial pain. Following this, we performed a short clinical examination of the temporomandibular joint and extraoral muscles.

Results

Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that awake bruxism was associated with PTSD (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.01–11.27, p = 0.047). Sleep bruxism was not associated with any covariate included in the model. In a Poisson regression model, PTSD (IRR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.38–6.55, p = 0.005) and the muscle pain/discomfort (IRR = 5.12, 95% CI = 2.80–9.36, p < 0.001) were significant predictors for current orofacial pain.

Conclusions

PTSD was associated with self-reported awake bruxism and low-intensity orofacial pain. These conditions were frequent outcomes in patients previously exposed to traumatic events.

Clinical relevance

We suggest including a two-question screening for bruxism in psychiatry/psychology interviews to improve under-identification and to prevent harmful consequences at the orofacial level.

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Funding

The Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP: 2015/00089–7) provided support for the STATA Statistics/Data Analysis Special Edition 15.1. to Dr. Francisco Lotufo-Neto.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Caixa Postal 3671, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01060-970, Brazil

    Ana Cristina de Oliveira Solis, Felipe Corchs, Érica Panzani Duran, Cláudio Silva, Natalia Del Real, Álvaro Cabral Araújo, Yuan-Pang Wang & Francisco Lotufo-Neto

  2. Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Yuan-Pang Wang

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  1. Ana Cristina de Oliveira Solis
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  2. Felipe Corchs
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  3. Érica Panzani Duran
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  4. Cláudio Silva
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  7. Yuan-Pang Wang
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  8. Francisco Lotufo-Neto
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Contributions

Concept and design: AC Solis and F Lotufo-Neto. Data acquisition: AC Solis, EP Duran, C Silva, N Del Real, AC Araújo and F Lotufo-Neto. Analysis, or interpretation of data: AC Solis, F Corchs, Y-P Wang, and F Lotufo-Neto. AC Solis had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drafting of the manuscript or revised it critically: AC Solis, F Corchs, Y-P Wang, and F Lotufo-Neto. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors. Supervision: F Lotufo-Neto. AC Solis conducted the study as a part of her postdoctoral research at the FMUSP. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Cristina de Oliveira Solis.

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Ethics approval

This project was approved by the Ethical and Research Committee of the Hospital das Clinicas, Medical School, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil (CAAE:33296714.7.0000.0068).

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All participants received written instructions about the study, read and signed the informed consent.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Solis, A.d., Corchs, F., Duran, É.P. et al. Self-reported bruxism in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Clin Oral Invest 28, 152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05534-4

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