Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of zirconia surface conditioning before glazing on the wear of opposing enamel: an in vitro study

  • Research
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the wear of natural teeth opposing 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) with different surface conditions.

Materials and methods

Sixty 3Y-TZP specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10), differing in surface condition. In three groups, the samples underwent glazing—with the glaze applied to roughened (i.e., 106-µm-grit diamond-finished), as-sintered, and polished zirconia. The three remaining groups consisted of unglazed specimens: solely polished samples and diamond-finished samples (106-µm-grit and 46-µm-grit) without further conditioning. Two-body wear was evaluated at extracted, non-carious molars (n = 60), which served as antagonists in chewing simulation (10,000 masticatory cycles, 49N load). As a control, natural teeth with intact enamel surfaces were tested against natural molars (n = 10). All samples were 3D-scanned before and after the chewing simulation (7 Series, Straumann). Volume loss was calculated (Inspect Software, GOM), and statistically analyzed (SPSS Statistics 24, IBM).

Results

Volume loss of the natural antagonists decreased in the following order: 106-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (4.6 ± 2.5 mm3), glazed 106-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (3.8 ± 1.1 mm3), glazed as-sintered zirconia (3.5 ± 0.9 mm3), 46-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (1.7 ± 0.6 mm3), control (1.6 ± 0.7 mm3), glazed polished zirconia (1.4 ± 0.5 mm3), and solely polishing (0.4 ± 0.2 mm3). Even when polishing the surfaces before glazing, volume loss was not mitigated to the same extent as after polishing alone.

Conclusions

The zirconia surface condition beneath the glazing influences antagonist wear. Although polishing before glazing resulted in acceptable levels of antagonist wear, this approach did not yield as favorable results as polishing alone.

Clinical relevance

For operators favoring glazing, pre-polishing the zirconia surface could be advantageous to reduce wear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Garvie RC, Pascoe RT, Hannink RHJ (1975) Ceramic steel? Nature 258:703–705

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Piconi C, Maccauro G (1999) Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials 20:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00010-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lemos CAA, Verri FR, de Luna Gomes JM, Santiago Junior JF, Miyashita E, Mendonça G, Pellizzer EP (2022) Survival and prosthetic complications of monolithic ceramic implant-supported single crowns and fixed partial dentures: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent S0022–3913(22):00736–00743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kim W, Li XC, Bidra AS (2023) Clinical outcomes of implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns and fixed partial dentures: a systematic review. J Prosthodont 32:102–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13575

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Leitão CIMB, Fernandes GVO, Azevedo LPP, Araújo FM, Donato H, Correia ARM (2022) Clinical performance of monolithic CAD/CAM tooth-supported zirconia restorations: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont Res 66:374–384. https://doi.org/10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00081

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Esquivel-Upshaw JF, Kim MJ, Hsu SM, Abdulhameed N, Jenkins R, Neal D, Ren F, Clark AE (2018) Randomized clinical study of wear of enamel antagonists against polished monolithic zirconia crowns. J Dent 68:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2017.10.005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pathan MS, Kheur MG, Patankar AH, Kheur SM (2019) Assessment of antagonist enamel wear and clinical performance of full-contour monolithic zirconia crowns: one-year results of a prospective study. J Prosthodont 28:e411–e416. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12960

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dondani JR, Pardeshi V, Gangurde A, Shaikh A, Mahule A, Deval P (2023) Comparative evaluation of wear of natural enamel antagonist against glazed monolithic zirconia crowns and polished monolithic zirconia crowns: an in vivo study. Int J Prosthodont 36:273–281. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.7798

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stober T, Bermejo JL, Schwindling FS, Schmitter M (2016) Clinical assessment of enamel wear caused by monolithic zirconia crowns. J Oral Rehabil 43:621–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Janyavula S, Lawson N, Cakir D, Beck P, Ramp LC, Burgess JO (2013) The wear of polished and glazed zirconia against enamel. J Prosthet Dent 109:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(13)60005-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Preis V, Behr M, Kolbeck C, Hahnel S, Handel G, Rosentritt M (2011) Wear performance of substructure ceramics and veneering porcelains. Dent Mater 27:796–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.04.001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Stawarczyk B, Özcan M, Schmutz F, Trottmann A, Roos A, Hämmerle CHF (2013) Two-body wear of monolithic, veneered and glazed zirconia and their corresponding enamel antagonists. Acta Odontol Scand 71:102–112. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.654248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mitov G, Heintze SD, Walz SW, Woll K, Muecklich F, Pospiech P (2012) Wear behavior of dental Y-TZP ceramic against natural enamel after different finishing procedures. Dent Mater 28:909–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Badarneh A, Choi JJE, Lyons K, Porter G, Waddell N, Li KC (2022) The effect of aging on the wear performance of monolithic zirconia. Dent Mater 38:e136–e146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Koenig V, Wulfman C, Bekaert S, Dupont N, Le Goff S, Eldafrawy M, Vanheusden A, Mainjot A (2019) Clinical behavior of second-generation zirconia monolithic posterior restorations: two-year results of a prospective study with Ex vivo analyses including patients with clinical signs of bruxism. J Dent 91:103229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Olivera AB, Matson E, Marques MM (2006) The effect of glazed and polished ceramics on human enamel wear. Int J Prosthodont 19:547–548

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chong BJ, Thangavel AK, Rolton SB, Guazzato M, Klineberg IJ (2015) Clinical and laboratory surface finishing procedures for zirconia on opposing human enamel wear: a laboratory study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 50:93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.06.007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gao WM, Geng W, Yan YW, Wang Y (2021) Antagonist wear of zirconia fixed restorations in vitro and in vivo-a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont 34:492–504. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.6984

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Passos SP, Torrealba Y, Major P, Linke B, Flores-Mir C, Nychka JA (2014) In vitro wear behavior of zirconia opposing enamel: a systematic review. J Prosthodont 23:593–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lawson NC, Janyavula S, Syklawer S, McLaren EA, Burgess JO (2014) Wear of enamel opposing zirconia and lithium disilicate after adjustment, polishing and glazing. J Dent 42:1586–1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.09.008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Roser C, Bauer C, Hodecker L, Zenthöfer A, Lux C, Rues S (2023) Comparison of six different CAD/CAM retainers vs. the stainless steel twistflex retainer: an in vitro investigation of survival rate and stability. J Orofac Orthop. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00486-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Rosentritt M, Behr M, Gebhard R, Handel G (2006) Influence of stress simulation parameters on the fracture strength of allceramic fixed-partial dentures. Dent Mater 22:176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pozzobon J, Pereira G, Wandscher V, Dorneles L, Valandro L (2017) Mechanical behavior of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic after different zirconia surface treatments. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 77:828–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. da Rosa LS, Pilecco RO, Sarkis-Onofre R, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR (2023) Should finishing, polishing or glazing be performed after grinding YSZ ceramics? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 138:105654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105654

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jung YS, Lee JW, Choi YJ, Ahn JS, Shin SW, Huh JB (2010) A study on the in-vitro wear of the natural tooth structure by opposing zirconia or dental porcelain. J Adv Prosthodont 2:111–115. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2010.2.3.111

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Ye XY, Liu MY, Li J, Liu XQ, Liao Y, Zhan LL, Zhu XM, Li HP, Tan J (2022) Effects of cold atmospheric plasma treatment on resin bonding to high-translucency zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater J 41:896–904. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2022-068

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ito Y, Okawa T, Fukumoto T, Tsurumi A, Tatsuta M, Fujii T, Tanaka J, Tanaka M (2016) Influence of atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cement. J Prosthodont Res 60:289–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2016.02.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lee JY, Jang GW, Park II, Heo YR, Son MK (2019) The effects of surface grinding and polishing on the phase transformation and flexural strength of zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 11:1–6. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2019.11.1.1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Khayat W, Chebib N, Finkelman M, Khayat S, Ali A (2018) Effect of grinding and polishing on roughness and strength of zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 119:626–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Heintze SD, Zellweger G, Sbicego S, Rousson V, Muñoz-Viveros C, Stober T (2013) Wear of two denture teeth materials in vivo-2-year results. Dent Mater 29:e191-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.012

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mao L, Kaizer MR, Zhao M, Guo B, Song YF, Zhang Y (2018) Graded ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ) for strength and functionalities. J Dent Res 97:1222–1228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518771287

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang Y, Lawn BR (2018) Novel zirconia materials in dentistry. J Dent Res 97:140–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517737483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jitwirachot K, Rungsiyakull P, Holloway JA, Jia-Mahasap W (2022) Wear behavior of different generations of zirconia: present literature. Int J Dent 2022:9341616. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9341616

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dentsply Sirona for providing the zirconia blanks.

Funding

The study had no funding source.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    René Steiner, Dagmar Schnabl & Sebastian Schwindling

  2. Private Dental Practice, Oberndorferstraße 39, 6322, Kirchbichl, Austria

    Shawn Scott

  3. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Vera Wiesmüller & Ulrike Lepperdinger

  4. Private Dental Practice, Kaiser-Josef Straße 13, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Otto Steinmassl

Authors
  1. René Steiner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shawn Scott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vera Wiesmüller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ulrike Lepperdinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Otto Steinmassl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dagmar Schnabl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sebastian Schwindling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

R.S. Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Investigation, Data curation, and Writing

S.S. Resources, Investigation, Spelling and grammar check

V.W., U.L. and D.S. Review and Editing

O.S. Formal analysis, Software

S.S. Writing and Editing

Corresponding author

Correspondence to René Steiner.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Steiner, R., Scott, S., Wiesmüller, V. et al. Effect of zirconia surface conditioning before glazing on the wear of opposing enamel: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Invest 28, 128 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05522-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05522-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation