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Noncarious cervical lesions in the aging population analyzed through digital scanning: occlusal risk factors, dimensions, and morphology

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) in older adults by analyzing each lesion’s morphology, dimension, and occlusal risk factors using intraoral scanning and clinical evaluation.

Materials and methods

Individuals over 60 treated at the School of Dentistry in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. We clinically evaluated 1245 teeth for the presence of NCCL and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in 53 individuals. Three-dimensional models were obtained using Omnicam, and occlusal risk factors were evaluated through the presence of wear facets, intense occlusal contacts, and interferences. The 3Shape 3DViewer software was used to classify NCCL morphology and to measure their height. NCCL depth, width, and area measurements were determined using ImageJ. Descriptive analyses were performed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that quantitative data exhibited non-normal distribution. For bivariate analyses of quantitative data, the Mann-Whitney test was employed. The results were reported with mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum. For bivariate analyses of categorical data, the Pearson chi-square test was used. The results were reported with frequencies (counts) and percentages. A regression model evaluating the association between occlusal risk factors and the absence/presence of NCCL was built.

Results

Most participants were female (58.5%), with a mean age of 66. The frequency of NCCL was 28.27%, corresponding to 352 teeth. Of these, 68.18% exhibited saucer morphology and 31.82% wedge-shaped morphology. The frequency of DH was 13.92% in teeth with NCCL. Saucer NCCL exhibited significantly greater height (p = 0.02), while wedge-shaped lesions showed greater depth (p < 0.001). Also, teeth with NCCL had a higher proportion of wear facets (66.8%; p < 0.001), intense occlusal contacts (39.8%; p = 0.008), and occlusal interferences (21.9%; p = 0.05). The regression model showed that teeth with wear facets were 1.50 times more likely to exhibit NCCL than teeth without wear facets (p < 0.001). Teeth with intense occlusal contact were 1.22 times more likely to exhibit NCCL than teeth without intense occlusal contact (p = 0.031).

Conclusions

NCCL is a common dental condition in the older adults evaluated in this study. Wedge-shaped NCCL exhibited greater depth, while saucer NCCL had more expressive height. Occlusal risk factors may represent a crucial mechanism for the occurrence of NCCL in this population.

Clinical relevance

Understanding the mechanisms involved in developing NCCL is helpful in diagnostic and preventive practices. The study showed the importance of dental occlusion and characteristics of different NCCL morphologies that help the clinician in decision-making.

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Data availability

The data of the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Orthodontic Center of the School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais for their support during the study and for providing the intraoral scanner.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) — Finance Code 001 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) — APQ-00567-22. Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira is the recipient of fellowship from CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Natália Teixeira Tavares Branco, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz, Anna Luiza Bicalho Sales, Anna Carolina Rye Sato Kimura, Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira, Cláudia Silami de Magalhães & Lívia Favaro Zeola

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Lucas Guimarães Abreu

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  1. Natália Teixeira Tavares Branco
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Contributions

Conceptualization: NTTB, IMAD, CLM, and LFZ. Formal analysis: NTTB, IMAD, LGA, and LFZ. Investigation and methodology: NTTB, IMAD, ALBS, ACRSK, CSM, and LFZ. Statistical analyses: NTTB and LGA. Writing — original draft: NTTB, IMAD, LGA, ALBS, ACRSK, and LFZ. Supervision: IMAD, CSM, and LFZ. All the authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natália Teixeira Tavares Branco.

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Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CAAE: 45111821.7.0000.5149).

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all the individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Branco, N.T.T., Diniz, I.M.A., Abreu, L.G. et al. Noncarious cervical lesions in the aging population analyzed through digital scanning: occlusal risk factors, dimensions, and morphology. Clin Oral Invest 27, 6177–6186 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05234-5

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