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Evaluation of oxidative stress cycle in healthy and inflamed dental pulp tissue: a laboratory investigation

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Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress cycle consisting of reactive oxygen molecules (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in caries-related pulp inflammation.

Methodology

Fifty-four pulp tissue samples were collected from healthy donors with the diagnosis of reversible pulpitis, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, and healthy pulp. Twelve pulp samples from each group were homogenized and total protein, ROS, GSH, and GST were measured by spectrophotometer. The remaining 6 samples from each group were prepared for paraffin block and used for the histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of oxidative stress parameters and TUNEL labeling. Data were analyzed statistically.

Results

The results revealed that total protein levels significantly decreased; however, ROS levels increased in both reversible and irreversible pulpitis compared to the healthy pulp (p < 0.01). Also, as inflammation increases, GST enzyme levels decrease while GSH levels increase significantly (p < 0.05). It was found that the number of TUNEL (+) cells was increased in irreversible pulpitis samples compared to healthy and reversible pulpitis groups (p < 0.05). GSTP1 and GSH immunoreactivity were also observed in irreversible pulpitis samples.

Conclusions

It has been revealed that caries-related inflammation alters the oxidative stress cycle in dental pulp tissue. The increase in GSH levels in the inflamed dental pulp due to the increase in ROS levels may improve the defensive ability of the dental pulp.

Clinical Relevance

There is a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Control of excessive oxidative stress in pulpitis can stimulate reparative and regenerative processes. The present findings may provide an overview of the management of oxidative stress in cases with pulpitis during regenerative treatments.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (project ID:17226).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06230, Ankara, Turkey

    H Dogan Buzoglu

  2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

    M Ozcan

  3. Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    O Bozdemir

  4. Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    KS Aydin Akkurt & ND Zeybek

  5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Y Bayazit

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  1. H Dogan Buzoglu
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Correspondence to H Dogan Buzoglu.

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Ethics approval

In this article, dental pulp biopsy materials were used for experimental studies. All procedures performed involving human tissues were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Board of Hacettepe University (Non-Interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Committee) (number: GO 18/483-23).

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Dogan Buzoglu, H., Ozcan, M., Bozdemir, O. et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress cycle in healthy and inflamed dental pulp tissue: a laboratory investigation. Clin Oral Invest 27, 5913–5923 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05203-y

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