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Evaluation of craniofacial anthropometry of children with β-thalassemia major in the eastern Anatolia: a case–control study

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Abstract

Objective

The present study aims to compare β-thalassemia major patients and healthy individuals in terms of anthropometric characteristics and changes in craniofacial profile.

Subjects and method

Craniofacial anthropometric measurements were performed on a total of 422 subjects (199 β-thalassemia major patients and 223 healthy individuals) by using a millimetric caliper and tape measure on 19 anthropometric parameters (8 horizontal, 10 vertical, and 1 head circumference) in cranial, facial, nasal, orolabial, and orbital zones.

Results

The difference between the orbital, nasal, and orolabial zone parameters of healthy subjects and β-thalassemia major patients was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of head circumference in the cranial zone and total facial height in facial zone (n-gn) values (p˃0.05). In intragroup comparison between females and males with β-thalassemia, statistically significant differences were found in forehead width (ft-ft), forehead height (tr-gl), right eye width (R ex-ex), and upper lip height (sn-stm) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Understanding the craniofacial profile changes in β-thalassemia major patients and increasing our knowledge about the relationship between the course and severity of disease and the level of these changes would contribute to the advancements in diagnoses to be made in facial and jaw zones of these patients and in the treatment plans.

Clinical relevance

We believe that the analysis and results of the craniofacial anthropometric data obtained in the study will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment processes of patients with β-thalassemia major in areas of expertise such as craniofacial surgery, orthodontics, and hemato-oncology.

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Data availability

The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the participating β-thalassemia major patients and their parents, healthy participants, and the administration of Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital for their cooperation and support. All the authors have viewed and agreed to the submission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Cumhuriyet District Sahilyolu Street, No:5, Kepez, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Çiğdem Çetin Genç

  2. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Cumhuriyet District Sahilyolu Street, No:5, Kepez, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Celal Genç

  3. Department of Pediatric Hematooncology, Department of Medical Sciences Pediatric Health And Diseases, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Fahrettin Kerim Gökay Caddesi No:49Altunizade / Üsküdar, 34662, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fatma Demir Yenigürbüz

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Contributions

Çiğdem Çetin Genç, Celal Genç, and Fatma Demir Yenigürbüz contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Çiğdem Çetin Genç and Celal Genç, The first draft of the manuscript was written by Çiğdem Çetin Genç. Celal Genç and Fatma Demir Yenigürbüz commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Çiğdem Çetin Genç, Celal Genç, and Fatma Demir Yenigürbüz read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Çiğdem Çetin Genç.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

The ethics committee approval was obtained from the Harran University Medical Faculty Clinical Researches Ethics Committee (Date: 11.09.2017, Session No. 11, Decree No. 09). We confirm that all the methods were carried out in the study in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Written informed consent forms were obtained from all participants and their legal guardians.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Genç, Ç.Ç., Genç, C. & Yenigürbüz, F.D. Evaluation of craniofacial anthropometry of children with β-thalassemia major in the eastern Anatolia: a case–control study. Clin Oral Invest 27, 5793–5803 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05191-z

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