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Effects of different custom-made mouthguard palatal extensions on the stress-state of dentoalveolar structures: a 3D-FEA

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Abstract

Objectives

The present study aimed to simulate the influence of palatal extensions for custom-made mouthguards (MGs) on protecting dentoalveolar structures and to provide a theoretical basis for designing a comfortable MG.

Materials and methods

Based on finite element analysis (3D-FEA), five groups of maxillary dentoalveolar models of wearing MGs were established: no MG on palatal side (NP), on palatal gingival margin (G0), 2 mm from the palatal gingival margin (G2), 4 mm from the palatal gingival margin (G4), 6 mm from the palatal gingival margin (G6), and 8 mm from the palatal gingival margin (G8). A cuboid was created to simulate the solid ground impacted in falls, a gradually increasing force was applied from 0 to 500 N on the vertical ground, and the distribution and peak values of the Critical modified von-Mises stress, maximum principal stress, and displacement of dentoalveolar models were calculated.

Results

Stress distribution range, stress, and deformation peak value of dentoalveolar models increased as the impact strength increased, at 500 N. Maximum critical modified von-Mises stress, peak maximum principal stress and maximum displacement of dentoalveolar models G4, G3, G2, G1, G0, and NP were 154.5 MPa, 154.5 MPa, 154.4 MPa, 154.7 MPa, 154.4 MPa, and 154.7 MPa; 191.65 MPa, 192.11 MPa, 191.62 MPa, 191.81 MPa, 191.56 MPa, and 191.62 MPa; and 88.78 μm, 88.57 μm, 88.19 μm, 88.67 μm, 88.43 μm, and 89.04 μ, respectively. However, the position of the MG palatal edge had little effect on stress distribution, stress, and deformation peak values of the dentoalveolar models.

Conclusions

Different extension ranges of the MG palatal edge have little effect on the protective effects of MGs on maxillary teeth and maxilla. An MG with palatal extension on the gingival margin is more appropriate than other models and may help dentists to design a suitable MG and increase its usage.

Clinical relevance

MGs with palatal extensions on the gingival margin may provide a more comfortable wearing experience for individuals involved in sports and encourage increased MG usage.

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Data Availability

The data presented in this study are included in the manuscript and supplement table.

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Funding

This study is supported by the Key Project of Social Science Planning Fund of Liaoning Province (Grant ID: L19ATY001) and Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant ID: 2021-YGJC-25).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Xu Yan and Jian Li have contributed equally to this work and share corresponding author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

    Zhe Sun

  2. Sports School, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China

    Jiayun Zhang

  3. The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China

    Ruitong Sun, Meng Zhang, Qinqiu Zhong, Xu Yan & Jian Li

  4. Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China

    Minghao Huang

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  1. Zhe Sun
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  4. Meng Zhang
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Contributions

Study conception and design were performed by Xu Yan and Jian Li. 3D models were built by Zhe Sun and Jiayun Zhang. Data collection and analysis were performed by Ruitong Sun and Meng Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Qingqiu Zhong and Minghao Huang, and all authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xu Yan or Jian Li.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the local medical ethics committee of the School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Ref. no. 25).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Sun, Z., Zhang, J., Sun, R. et al. Effects of different custom-made mouthguard palatal extensions on the stress-state of dentoalveolar structures: a 3D-FEA. Clin Oral Invest 27, 3809–3816 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04998-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04998-0

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