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Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate GCF Galectin-3 and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) levels in different grades (B and C) of stage 3 periodontitis, concurrently, and also to investigate their discriminative efficiencies in periodontal diseases.

Materials and methods

A total of 80 systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals, 20 stage 3 grade C (S3GC) periodontitis 20 stage 3 grade B (S3GB) periodontitis, 20 gingivitis, and 20 periodontally healthy were enrolled. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF Galectin-3 and IL-1β total amounts were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

Galectin-3 and IL-1β were detected in all participants. Both periodontitis groups had significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 total amounts than periodontally healthy controls (p <0.05). S3GC periodontitis group had also significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 levels than gingivitis group (p <0.05). GCF IL-1β levels in periodontitis groups were higher than gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p <0.05). Galectin-3 exhibited an AUC value of 0.89 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health, an AUC value of 0.87 with 80% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis versus gingivitis, while an AUC value of 0.85 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GB periodontitis from healthy controls.

Conclusions

GCF Galectin-3 levels are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Galectin-3 showed excellent diagnostic performances to discriminate S3GB and S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health and gingivitis.

Clinical relevance

The present findings suggest that GCF Galectin-3 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of the periodontal diseases.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during this study are included in this published article or available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all of the participants recruited for this study.

Funding

The present study was funded by the author’s institutions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey

    Beral Afacan

  2. Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

    Harika Atmaca Ilhan

  3. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

    Timur Köse

  4. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

    Gülnur Emingil

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  1. Beral Afacan
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  2. Harika Atmaca Ilhan
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  4. Gülnur Emingil
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Contributions

All authors have made substantial contributions to study conception and design. B. A. and G.E. designed the material and method. B. A. performed data collection. H. A. I. performed biochemical analysis and T. K. performed statistical analysis. B. A. wrote the first draft of the manuscript and G. E. reviewed and edited. B. A., G. E., and H. A. I. revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beral Afacan.

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Ethical approval

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (version 2013) and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University with the protocol number (No: ADUDHF2019/052).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individuals involved in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Afacan, B., Ilhan, H.A., Köse, T. et al. Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C. Clin Oral Invest 27, 3749–3758 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04991-7

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