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Validity of partial protocols to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in permanent dentition: a birth cohort study in Southern Brazil

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the validity of partial protocols (PP) to assess the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in permanent teeth and identify the strength of the association between DDE and some risk factors, using PP compared to the full-mouth (FM) exam.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted in a population-based birth cohort of children born in 2004 in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Socioeconomic, demographic, pre-, per-, and post-birth variables were collected. A subsample of 994 children was clinically examined for DDE in 2017, using the modified DDE index, using the “full- mouth” (FM) protocol. After FM had been performed, a dataset was created. Two different partial protocols (PP) were simulated from FM data: “only buccal surfaces (BS)” and “incisive and molars only (IM).” Sensitivity, absolute and relative bias, and inflation factors were calculated.

Results

For any DDE, FM had prevalence of 40.8%. The prevalence of DDE was 38.8% and 36.0%, for BS and IM protocols, respectively. When tested for any DDE, PP “BS” and “IM” showed high sensitivity. The underestimation of the true prevalence did not exceed 6.9% for PP “BS” and 16.1% for PP “IM.” All protocols showed similar magnitude of association with the selected risk factors.

Conclusion

Both PP “BS” and “IM” can be used to estimate the prevalence of DDE in epidemiological studies.

Clinical relevance

Oral health surveys now have the option of using PP to collect DDE prevalence and investigate their association with risk factors, being less time-consuming, expensive, and labor intensive.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Brazilian Agency for the Improvement of Higher Educational Personnel (CAPES) for the PhD course scholarship granted. This article is based on data from the “Pelotas Birth Cohort, 2004” study conducted by the Graduate Program in Epidemiology at the Federal University of Pelotas, with collaboration from the Brazilian Public Health Association (ABRASCO). From 2009 to 2013, the Welcome Trust supported the 2004 birth cohort study. The World Health Organization, National Support Program for Centers of Excellence (PRONEX), Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), Brazilian Ministry of Health, and Children’s Pastorate supported previous phases of the study.

Funding

This study was performed with collaboration from the Brazilian Public Health Association (ABRASCO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Centro, CEP 96015-560, Pelotas, RS, Brasil

    Ivam Freire da Silva Júnior, Marcos Britto Correa, Flávio Fernando Demarco & Marina Sousa Azevedo

  2. Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Centro, RS, Pelotas, Brasil

    Francine dos Santos Costa, Fernando Celso Lopes Fernandes de Barros, Iná da Silva dos Santos, Alicia Matijasevich & Flávio Fernando Demarco

Authors
  1. Ivam Freire da Silva Júnior
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  2. Francine dos Santos Costa
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  3. Marcos Britto Correa
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  4. Fernando Celso Lopes Fernandes de Barros
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  5. Iná da Silva dos Santos
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  6. Alicia Matijasevich
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  7. Flávio Fernando Demarco
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  8. Marina Sousa Azevedo
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception. Data collection was supervised by Flávio Fernando Demarco. Material preparation and analysis were performed by Ivam Freire da Silva Júnior, Francine dos Santos Costa, and Marina Sousa Azevedo. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ivam Freire da Silva Júnior, and all authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marina Sousa Azevedo.

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da Silva Júnior, I.F., dos Santos Costa, F., Correa, M.B. et al. Validity of partial protocols to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in permanent dentition: a birth cohort study in Southern Brazil. Clin Oral Invest 27, 1605–1612 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04784-4

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