Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution of root length throughout orthodontic treatment in maxillary incisors with previous history of dental trauma: a longitudinal controlled trial

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To compare changes in root length of maxillary incisors with and without dental trauma throughout orthodontic treatment.

Materials and method

Patients younger than 18 years, with trauma on at least one maxillary incisor, undergoing orthodontic treatment between 2017 and 2021 were included, using the contralateral side as control without trauma when available. Periapical radiographs were taken pre-treatment and at 6 months intervals, and root/crown ratio was calculated. Linear mixed models were used to describe the evolution of root length at the different time points and to compare trauma and control values. Differences between central and lateral incisors and between treatment modalities were additionally explored.

Results

A total of 1768 measurements were performed on 499 teeth (201 with trauma) in 135 patients. Incisor root length significantly decreased during orthodontic treatment in teeth with and without trauma. Lateral incisors with trauma were more susceptible to root resorption than those without trauma and central incisors. No significant decrease in root length was observed with removable appliances, which never exceeded 15 months of treatment. Treatment with fixed appliances led to gradually increasing, significant root length shortening in teeth with and without trauma.

Conclusion

Treatment duration directly correlated with root length shortening both in teeth with and without trauma history. Teeth with trauma showed significantly more root resorption after treatment with fixed appliances while removable appliances had no significant influence on root length.

Clinical relevance

Previous history of dental trauma is no absolute contra-indication to start orthodontic treatment, as long as treatment duration is kept as short as possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy policies of the University Hospitals Leuven but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L (2018) World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis—one billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 34:71–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bauss O, Röhling J, Schwestka-Polly R (2004) Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment. Dent Traumatol 20:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00230.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Van Gorp G, Bormans N, Vanham I, Willems G, Declerck D (2020) Orthodontic treatment recommendation and expected adverse reactions in patients with a history of dental trauma: a survey among general dentists, paediatric dentists, and orthodontic specialists. Int J Pediatr Dent 30:360–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Darcey J, Qualtrough A (2013) Resorption: Part 1. Pathology, classification and aetiology. Br Dent J 214:439–451. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.431

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Fuss Z, Tsesis I, Lin S (2003) Root resorption - diagnosis, classification and treatment choices based on stimulation factors. Dent Traumatol 19:175–182. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00192.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Abbott PV (2016) Prevention and management of external inflammatory resorption following trauma to teeth. Aust Dent J 61(Suppl 1):82–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Yassir YA-O, McIntyre GT, Bearn DR (2021) Orthodontic treatment and root resorption: an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Orthod 43(4):442–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaa058

  8. Warnsinck CJ, Shemesh H (2018) External cervical root resorption. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 125:109–115. https://doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2018.02.17203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Weltman B, Vig KWL, Fields HW, Shanker S, Kaizar EE (2010) Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 137:462–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Linge L, Linge BO (1991) Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 99:35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81678-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM (2001) Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part I. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 119:505–510. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Parker RJ, Harris EF (1998) Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 114:677–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70200-8 (official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nanekrungsan K, Patanaporn V, Janhom A, Korwanich N (2012) External apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients: associated factors and radiographic evaluation. Imag Sci Dent 42:147–154. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Brin I, Tulloch JFC, Koroluk L, Philips C (2003) External apical root resorption in Class II malocclusion: a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 124:151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00166-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Iglesias-Linares A, Sonnenberg B, Solano B, Yañez-Vico RM, Solano E, Lindauer SJ, Flores-Mir C (2017) Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in patients treated with fixed appliances vs removable aligners. Angle Orthod 87:3–10. https://doi.org/10.2319/02016-101.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Brezniak N, Goren S, Zoizner R, Dinbar A, Arad A, Wasserstein A, Heller M (2004) A comparison of three methods to accurately measure root length. Angle Orthod 74:786–791. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074%3c0786:ACOTMT%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brezniak N, Goren S, Zoizner R, Shochat T, Dinbar A, Wasserstein A, Heller M (2004) The accuracy of the cementoenamel junction identification on periapical films. Angle Orthod 74:496–500. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074%3c0496:TAOTCJ%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Leach HA, Ireland AJ, Whaites EJ (2001) Radiographic diagnosis of root resorption in relation to orthodontics. Br Dent J 190:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4800870

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sameshima GT, Asgarifar KO (2001) Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapical vs panoramic films. Angle Orthod 71:185–189. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2001)071%3c0185:AORRAR%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. DeShields RW (1969) A study of root resorption in treated Class II, Division I malocclusions. Angle Orthod 39:231–245. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1969)039%3c0231:ASORRI%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Levander E, Malmgren O (1988) Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod 10:30–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/10.1.30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Topkara A (2011) External apical root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment: a review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Dent 12:163–166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Årtun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK (1989) Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 96:43–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90227-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Faxén Sepanian V, Sonnesen L (2018) Incisor root resorption in class II division 2 patients in relation to orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 40:337–342. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjx086

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Weiland F (2003) Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movement and root resorption. Eur J Orthod 25:335–342. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.4.335

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Maltha JC, van Leeuwen EJ, Dijkman GE, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM (2004) Incidence and severity of root resorption in orthodontically moved premolars in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res 7:115–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2004.00283.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Årtun J, Van’t Hullenaar R, Doppel D, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM (2009) Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 135:448–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.06.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Levander E, Bajka R, Malmgren O (1998) Early radiographic diagnosis of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of maxillary incisors. Eur J Orthod 20:57–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/20.1.57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Apajalahti S, Peltola JS (2007) Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment-a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod 29:408–412. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjm016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Olle Malmgren M, Dr O, Goldson L, Hill C, Orwin A, Petrini L, Lundberg M (1982) Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. Am J Orthod 82:487–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Beck BW, Harris EF (1994) Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated subjects: analysis of edgewise and light wire mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 105:350–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70129-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jacob A (2020) A literature review on orthodontically induced root resorption : the aftermath of the pursuit of an attractive smile. Euro J Mole Clin Med 7(3):941–957

    Google Scholar 

  33. Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Matras RC, Andreasen FM (2006) Traumatic intrusion of permanent teeth. Part 1. An epidemiological study of 216 intruded permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 22:83–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00421.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics KU Leuven, and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium

    Feline Smeyers, Sofie Fivez, Guy Willems, Giacomo Begnoni, An Verdonck & Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula

  2. Department of Oral Health Sciences-Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, and Pediatric Dentistry and Special Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Getrude Van Gorp & Dominique Declerck

  3. Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven and University Hasselt, Leuven, Belgium

    Steffen Fieuws

Authors
  1. Feline Smeyers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sofie Fivez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Getrude Van Gorp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guy Willems
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dominique Declerck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Giacomo Begnoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. An Verdonck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Steffen Fieuws
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Sofie Fivez, Feline Smeyers, Gertrude Van Gorp, Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula, Dominique Declerck, An Verdonck, and Guy Willems designed the study protocol. Feline Smeyers and Sofie Fivez collected the patient data. Feline Smeyers performed measurements and analyzed and interpreted the patient data. Steffen Fieuws analyzed and interpreted the patient data. Feline Smeyers wrote the manuscript. Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula, Guy Willems, Sofie Fivez, Gertrude Van Gorp, An Verdonck, Giacomo Begnoni, Steffen Fieuws, and Dominique Declerck revised all manuscript versions critically for intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript to be submitted and are in agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work will be appropriately investigated and resolved.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Hospitals Leuven with registration number S60097.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 24 KB)

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 189 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Smeyers, F., Fivez, S., Van Gorp, G. et al. Evolution of root length throughout orthodontic treatment in maxillary incisors with previous history of dental trauma: a longitudinal controlled trial. Clin Oral Invest 26, 7179–7190 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04679-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04679-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation