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Tooth abnormalities associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the association between orofacial clefts (OFC) and tooth abnormalities (TA).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and BBO, and in the gray literature and selected observational studies that evaluated the association between TA and OFC. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing the presence and absence of OFC, cleft type—cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P)—and cleft laterality—unilateral and bilateral. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.

Results

A total of 99 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 37 were included in the meta-analysis. Only four studies were classified as low risk of bias. Significant associations were observed between the presence of OFC and tooth agenesis (OR = 19.46; 95%CI = 4.99–75.96), supernumerary teeth (OR = 4.04; 95%CI = 1.26–12.99), developmental defects of enamel (OR = 3.15; 95%CI = 1.28–7.80), microdontia (OR = 15.57; 95%CI = 1.06–228.51), and taurodontism (OR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.74–2.86). Individuals with CP had a lower frequency of supernumerary teeth (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.08–0.64), peg-shaped tooth (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12–0.80), and morphological TA (OR = 0.13; 95%CI = 0.04–0.45) than individuals with CL/P. No TA was significantly associated with cleft laterality (p > 0.05). The quality of the evidence was very low in all analyses.

Conclusion

Individuals with OFC had a higher frequency of TA than those without OFC. Individuals with CP had a lower frequency of TA than individuals with CL/P. No TA was associated to cleft laterality.

Clinical relevance

Help to identify the treatment needs of individuals affected by OFC, improving the services provided to this population.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Brazilian Agency for Higher Education Personnel Coordination and Improvement (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [CAPES]).

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  1. Department of Stomatology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, Curitiba, State of Paraná, 80210-17080210-170, Brazil

    Gabriela Fonseca-Souza, Luiza Becker de Oliveira, Rafaela Scariot & Juliana Feltrin-Souza

  2. School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Street Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil

    Letícia Maira Wambier

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  1. Gabriela Fonseca-Souza
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GFS and JFS had the idea for the article. GFS and JFS performed the literature search. GFS and LBO performed the data extraction. GFS, JFS, and LMW performed the data analysis. GFS wrote the first draft of the manuscript and all the authors commented on previous versions of manuscript. RS, JFS, and LMW critically revised the work. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Juliana Feltrin-Souza.

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Fonseca-Souza, G., de Oliveira, L.B., Wambier, L.M. et al. Tooth abnormalities associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest 26, 5089–5103 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04540-8

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