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Maxillary sinus dimensions in skeletal class II population with different vertical skeletal patterns

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Abstract

Objectives

The location of the maxillary sinus significantly affects the orthodontic treatment, particularly when temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are taking place. The current study aims to evaluate the maxillary sinus size and location in a skeletal class II population.

Materials and methods

The pre-orthodontic treatment CBCT images of the skeletal class II population were selected. The sinus’s volumetric size, height, width, and depth were measured and compared among different skeletal vertical patterns and between genders. In addition, the height and width of the alveolar bone surrounding the maxillary sinus floor were quantified in the same manner.

Results

Patients who displayed a high-angle skeletal pattern had significantly greater maxillary sinus dimensions, shorter vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar bone crest, and thinner alveolar bone surrounding the maxillary sinus. Meanwhile, the maxillary sinus dimension measurements were positively correlated with the SN-MP angle in both genders but only correlated with ANB angle in females. On the other hand, the vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar bone crest was negatively correlated with the SN-MP angle in males but the ANB angle in females.

Conclusions

In the skeletal class II population, the high-angle patients faced a higher risk of maxillary sinus perforations by TADs. In addition, gender-related variations were noticed warranting clinical attention, as males have a higher potential for maxillary sinus penetration from TAD placement than females.

Clinical relevance

Maxillary posterior alveolar TADs are often prescribed to achieve the distalization of maxillary posterior teeth in class II patients. The current study provided more insight into the “safe zone” for TAD placement related to the maxillary sinus.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

This study was supported by the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award, American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) Full-Time Faculty Fellowship Award, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Joseph and Josephine Rabinowitz Award for Excellence in Research, and the J. Henry O’Hern Jr. Pilot Grant from the Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine for Chenshuang Li.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Abby Syverson and Chenshuang Li contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Abby Syverson, Chenshuang Li & Chun-Hsi Chung

  2. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Zhong Zheng

  3. School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Zhong Zheng

  4. School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Evgenii Proskurnin

  5. Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi’an, 710004, China

    Min Zou

  6. Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi’an, 710004, China

    Min Zou

  7. Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi’an, 710004, China

    Min Zou

Authors
  1. Abby Syverson
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  2. Chenshuang Li
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  3. Zhong Zheng
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  4. Evgenii Proskurnin
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  5. Chun-Hsi Chung
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  6. Min Zou
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Chenshuang Li; methodology, Chenshuang Li and Zhong Zheng; software: Chenshuang Li; validation: Abby Syverson; formal analysis: Abby Syverson, Evgenii Proskurnin, and Chenshuang Li; resources: Min Zou; data curation: Chenshuang Li; writing—original draft preparation: Abby Syverson; writing—review and editing: Chenshuang Li, Zhong Zheng, Evgenii Proskurnin, Chun-Hsi Chung, and Min Zou; supervision: Chenshuang Li; project administration: Chenshuang Li; funding acquisition: Chenshuang Li. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chenshuang Li or Min Zou.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Pennsylvania (protocol number: 843465; date of approval: 30th June, 2020) and by the Institutional Review Board of College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University (protocol number: xjkqll[2020]NO.014; date of approval: 26th August, 2020).

Consent to participate

Patient consent was waived because the CBCT scans for this study were derived from the pre-existing clinical database of pre-orthodontic treatment records. No additional radiologic images were taken for the current study, and no personal identification information was included in the current study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Syverson, A., Li, C., Zheng, Z. et al. Maxillary sinus dimensions in skeletal class II population with different vertical skeletal patterns. Clin Oral Invest 26, 5045–5060 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04476-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04476-z

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