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An alkasite restorative material effectively remineralized artificial interproximal enamel caries in vitro

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the remineralization of artificial interproximal enamel caries (AIEC) adjacent to alkasite, high viscous glass ionomer cement (HVGIC), and resin composite in class II restorations.

Materials and methods

Human enamel specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 22): Filtek™ Z350, EQUIA Forte®, and Cention N®. The baseline hardness was determined using a Knoop microhardness assay. AIEC was formed in the specimens, and they were placed in contact with the proximal restorative materials then subjected to a 7-day pH cycling. Microhardness was determined post-artificial caries formation and post-pH cycling. The differences in the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) between the groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Dunn’s test was used for between-group comparisons (p < 0.05). Specimen surface morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride contents were analyzed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test was used to evaluate the differences between groups (p < 0.05).

Results

The Cention N® %SHR was the highest, followed by EQUIA Forte®, and Filtek™ Z350. There was a significant difference in the %SHR between Cention N® and Filtek™ Z350 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant difference between Cention N® and EQUIA Forte®. Significantly increased enamel surface fluoride content was observed in the Cention N® compared with Filtek™ Z350 specimens (p < 0.05). The SEM image of the Cention N® specimens demonstrated the greatest mineral deposition.

Conclusions

Cention N® markedly increased the surface hardness and fluoride content of adjacent AIEC compared with Filtek™ Z350 restorations.

Clinical relevance

Cention N® is a promising alternative restorative material to remineralize initial enamel lesions in approximal adjacent surfaces, especially in high-risk caries patients.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Kevin Tompkins for manuscript revision.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University [DRF64005]; CU Graduate School Thesis Grant [GCUGR1225632041M].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Thipthida Theerarath & Wannakorn Sriarj

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  1. Thipthida Theerarath
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  2. Wannakorn Sriarj
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Contributions

Thipthida Theerarath: Methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing-original draft preparation, funding acquisition. Wannakorn Sriarj: Conceptualization, methodology, writing (review and editing), supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wannakorn Sriarj.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee (Reference number HREC-DCU 2020–014) and Institutional Biosafety Committee (DENT CU-IBC 018/2020), Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

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The present study did not involve human participants.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Theerarath, T., Sriarj, W. An alkasite restorative material effectively remineralized artificial interproximal enamel caries in vitro. Clin Oral Invest 26, 4437–4445 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04407-y

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