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Comparison of calcium and hydroxyl ion release ability and in vivo apatite-forming ability of three bioceramic-containing root canal sealers

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Abstract

Objective

Bioceramic-containing root canal sealers promote periapical healing via Ca2+ and OH− release and apatite formation on the surface. This study aimed to compare Ca2+ and OH− release and in vivo apatite formation of three bioceramic-containing root canal sealers: EndoSequence BC sealer (Endo-BC), MTA Fillapex (MTA-F), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (N-BG).

Materials and methods

Polytetrafluoroethylene tubes filled with sealers were immersed in distilled water for 6 and 12 h and for 1, 7, 14, and 28 days to measure Ca2+ and OH− release. Additionally, tubes filled with sealers were implanted in the backs of rats for 28 days, and in vivo apatite formation was analyzed using an electron probe microanalyzer.

Results

Endo-BC released significantly more Ca2+ than the other sealers at 6 and 12 h and 1 day. Ca2+ release was significantly lower from N-BG than from Endo-BC and MTA-F at 14 and 28 days. OH− release was significantly higher from Endo-BC than from the other sealers throughout the experiment, except at 1 day. OH− release was lower from N-BG than from MTA-F at 6 h and 7 days. Only Endo-BC implants exhibited apatite-like calcium-, phosphorus-, oxygen-, and carbon-rich spherulites and apatite layer–like calcium- and phosphorus-rich, but radiopaque element-free, surface regions.

Conclusions

Ca2+ and OH− release is ranked as follows: Endo-BC > MTA-F > N-BG. Only Endo-BC demonstrated in vivo apatite formation.

Clinical relevance

Endo-BC could promote faster periapical healing than MTA-F and N-BG.

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Acknowledgements

This work was the result of using research equipment in CCRF, Niigata University. We thank Ms. Ayako Ikarashi for providing technical support. We thank Edanz Group (https://en-author-services.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

Funding

The work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 19K19020 to N.E.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal, Naoki Edanami, Nagako Yoshiba, Naoto Ohkura, Shoji Takenaka & Yuichiro Noiri

  2. Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan

    Kunihiko Yoshiba

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  1. Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
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Contributions

RSI Belal and N Edanami contributed to the conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, and drafted and critically revised the manuscript. N Yoshiba, N Ohkura, and S Takenaka contributed to data acquisition and critically revised the manuscript. K Yoshiba and Y Noiri contributed to data interpretation and critically revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoki Edanami.

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Ethics approval

All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Committee on the Guidelines for Animal Experimentation of Niigata University (approval number: SA 00365). All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Belal, R.S.I., Edanami, N., Yoshiba, K. et al. Comparison of calcium and hydroxyl ion release ability and in vivo apatite-forming ability of three bioceramic-containing root canal sealers. Clin Oral Invest 26, 1443–1451 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04118-w

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