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Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pulpal and periapical inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in controlling pulpal and periapical inflammation in vivo as a potential coadjutant systemic therapy for pulpitis.

Materials and methods

A suspension containing E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1.0 μg/μL) was inoculated into the pulp chamber of the first molars of C57BL/6 mice (n = 72), and the animals were treated daily with indomethacin or celecoxib throughout the experimental periods. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the tissues were removed for histopathological, histoenzymology, histometric, and immunohistochemical evaluation.

Results

Inoculation of LPS into the pulp chamber induced the synthesis of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in dental pulp and periapical region. Indomethacin and celecoxib treatment changed the profile of inflammatory cells recruited to dental pulp and to the periapex, which was characterized by a higher mononuclear cell infiltrate, compared to LPS inoculation alone which recruited a higher amount of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Administration of indomethacin for 28 days resulted in the development of apical periodontitis and increased osteoclast recruitment, unlike celecoxib.

Conclusions

NSAIDs indomethacin and celecoxib changed the recruitment of inflammatory cells to a mononuclear profile upon inoculation of LPS into the pup chamber, but indomethacin enhanced periapical bone loss whereas celecoxib did not.

Clinical relevance

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, can change the profile of inflammatory cells recruited to the dental pulp challenged with LPS and might a be potential systemic coadjutant for treatment of pulpitis.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and the São Paulo Research Foundation by a fellowship to author (fellowship #2012/08421-2) and research grant to author (grant #2010/17611-4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n. CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos, Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez, Marcio Santos de Carvalho, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Marília Pacífico Lucisano Politi, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, Paulo Nelson-Filho, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva & Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva

  2. Universidade de Pernambuco, Arco Verde, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos

  3. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Lúcia Helena Faccioli & Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva

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  1. Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos
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  2. Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
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  3. Marcio Santos de Carvalho
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  4. Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
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  7. Paulo Nelson-Filho
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  8. Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
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  9. Lúcia Helena Faccioli
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  10. Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva.

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Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Ethics Committee (process #13.1.266.53.6).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ribeiro-Santos, F.R., Arnez, M.F.M., de Carvalho, M.S. et al. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pulpal and periapical inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Clin Oral Invest 25, 6201–6209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03919-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03919-3

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