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Reductions in clinical inflammation and oral neutrophils with improving oral hygiene

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Abstract

Objective

This study compared the effects of oral hygiene with a toothpaste formulated with zinc (test) to a fluoride dentifrice (control) for effects on oral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) as a measure of whole mouth inflammation along with effects on clinical parameters of dental plaque and gingivitis.

Materials and methods

Adults (age range 18–60 years, n = 212) completed this double-blind, parallel design study. After washout, a baseline oral rinse sample was evaluated for PMN prior to clinical assessments for gingivitis and dental plaque. Subjects were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with either the test or the control toothpaste. Post-treatment evaluations repeated all baseline assessments after 4-week, 6-week and 12-week use of dentifrice with all assessments conducted 12 hours after brushing.

Results

PMN reductions in the test were 16.8%, 18.7% and 42.5% at the 4-week, 6-week and 12-week evaluations respectively and significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). The test toothpaste also demonstrated progressively increasing reductions in gingivitis and dental plaque that ranged from 7.6 to 33.3% and 2.3 to 9.1% respectively versus the control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The test dentifrice demonstrated progressive reductions in oral PMN representing whole mouth inflammation in conjunction with improvements in oral hygiene as compared to the control toothpaste.

Clinical relevance

A hallmark of oral inflammation includes the accumulations of PMN in the afflicted gingival regions to reduce the influences of proliferating microorganisms. Brushing with a zinc dentifrice demonstrated progressive reductions in oral PMN and improvements in oral hygiene as evidenced by progressively lower dental plaque and gingival indices.

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Funding

This study was funded by Colgate Palmolive, USA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HITLAB, 3960 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Prem K. Sreenivasan

  2. Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Prem K. Sreenivasan

  3. Department of Public Health Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, India

    Prasad K.V.V, Shweta Sharda & Yogitha Pothamsetty

Authors
  1. Prem K. Sreenivasan
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  2. Prasad K.V.V
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  3. Shweta Sharda
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  4. Yogitha Pothamsetty
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prasad K.V.V.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital and conducted in accordance with widely accepted practices for clinical studies.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study.

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Sreenivasan, P.K., K.V.V, P., Sharda, S. et al. Reductions in clinical inflammation and oral neutrophils with improving oral hygiene. Clin Oral Invest 25, 5785–5793 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03881-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03881-0

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