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Is it possible for a simultaneous biomodification during acid etching on naturally caries-affected dentin bonding?

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Abstract

Objectives

This study investigated the ability of modified phosphoric acids containing chlorhexidine (CHX) or grape seed extract (GSE) for promoting simultaneous biomodification during acid etching on bonding properties in caries-affected dentin (CAD).

Materials and methods

Thirty-two human molars (8 with sound dentin [SD] and 24 naturally CAD) were selected for the study. The SD and CAD were initially exposed, then randomized and etched according to the following groups: (1) SD (SD-CT) and CAD (CAD-CT) both with 37% phosphoric acid, (2) CAD with 2% CHX containing 37% phosphoric acid (CAD-CHX), and (3) CAD with 2% GSE containing 10% phosphoric acid (CAD-GSE). The bonding procedure and composite build-ups were performed after acid etching. Subsequently, they were sectioned in resin-dentin specimens. The specimens were submitted for chemical profiling by micro-Raman, microtensile bond strength (μTBS), failure mode with chemical characterization by FEG/SEM-EDX, and in situ zymography by CLSM. The data from μTBS and CLSM were statistically analyzed (1-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test; α = 0.05).

Results

The highest μTBS results were shown for SD-CT in comparison with all CAD groups (p < 0.001), and the lowest for CAD-CT and CAD-CHX (p < 0.001). The etching with CHX did not increase the μTBS for CAD when compared with CT (p = 0.52). However, the etching with GSE improved significantly the μTBS for CAD when compared with CT and CHX (p < 0.001). The chemical profile detected chemical and structural changes in collagen peaks for CAD-CT, which were not detected when the CAD was etched by modified acids. Also, the poorest hybridization ability was detected in CAD for CT, which was significantly improved with modified acids, especially the GSE, as evaluated by chemical profile and failure mode. A significant reduction of MMP activity on CAD was promoted by modified acids in comparison with CT (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The GSE-containing acid was able to promote biomodification during the acid etching, increasing the bonding properties and reducing the activity of the MMPs within the hybrid layer.

Clinical relevance

The use of GSE-containing phosphoric acid can be a promising alternative to improve the bonding performance on caries-affected dentin, since it is capable of biomodifying the dentin during the acid etching, without adding any extra step in bonding procedures.

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Funding

This study was partially supported by the State Foundation of Support to Research, Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão (FAPEMA) from the State Government of Maranhão Brazil under grant number 01641/ 16 and by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under grant 308286/2019-7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650E 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Viviane Hass

  2. University Ceuma, Rua Josué Montello n° 1, Renascença II, São Luís, Maranhão, 65075-120, Brazil

    Thais Bezerra da Maceno Oliveira, Andrés Felipe Millan Cardenas & Fabiana Suelen Figueredo de Siqueira

  3. Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luis, Maranhão, 65085-582, Brazil

    Jose Roberto Bauer

  4. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Gabriel Abuna & Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti

  5. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil

    Jullian Josnei de Souza & Alessandro D. Loguercio

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  1. Viviane Hass
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  2. Thais Bezerra da Maceno Oliveira
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  8. Jullian Josnei de Souza
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  9. Alessandro D. Loguercio
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Correspondence to Alessandro D. Loguercio.

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This study was approved by the State University of Ponta Grossa ethics committee.

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Hass, V., da Maceno Oliveira, T.B., Cardenas, A.F.M. et al. Is it possible for a simultaneous biomodification during acid etching on naturally caries-affected dentin bonding?. Clin Oral Invest 25, 3543–3553 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03677-8

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