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Efficacy of ozonated water mouthwash on early plaque formation and gingival inflammation: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial

Clinical Oral Investigations volume 25, pages 1337–1344 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of ozonated water in early plaque formation and gingival inflammation.

Materials and methods

This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with two experimental periods of 96 h each, with 10 washout days between them. The sample consisted of 42 dental students divided into Test Group, mouthwash of ozonated water, and Control Group, bidistilled water mouthwash. The participants were instructed not to perform oral hygiene and used the assigned mouthwash under supervision once a day. For the investigation of the initial subgingival biofilm formation, the Plaque Free Zone Index was used at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The volume of gingival crevicular fluid, a questionnaire for taste perception assessment, and analysis of the adverse effects were also carried out.

Results

The percentage of conversion scores 0 and 1 to 2 of PFZ Index, the main outcome, for all dental surfaces showed no statistical difference between Test and Control groups, with 19.07 and 19.79, respectively. Also, there was not a significant difference in the score frequencies at each time point. Evaluation of GCF demonstrated that both groups had an increase in volume during experimental periods and that there was no statistically significant difference among groups. Test group had worse evaluation of taste perception and more adverse effects.

Conclusions

Ozonated water seems not to affect the formation of supra and subgingival biofilms, as well as gingival inflammation.

Clinical significance

Mouthwash with ozonated water once a day do not affect supra and subgingival biofilm formation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are deeply grateful to Ozone&Life for providing the ozone generator and to Ms. Maria Júlia Zanella for support during experimental phase.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Alessandra Cardoso Nicolini, Isadora dos Santos Rotta, Gerson Pedro José Langa, Stephanie Anagnostopoulos Friedrich, David Alejandro Arroyo-Bonilla, Marcius Comparsi Wagner, Patrícia Weidlich, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing & Juliano Cavagni

Authors
  1. Alessandra Cardoso Nicolini
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  2. Isadora dos Santos Rotta
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  3. Gerson Pedro José Langa
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the Writing—Review and Editing. Alessandra Cardoso Nicolini: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Visualization, and Supervision. Isadora dos Santos Rotta: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, and Supervision. Gerson Pedro José Langa: Investigation, Resources, and Supervision. Stephanie Anagnostopoulos Friedrich: Investigation and Resources. David Alejandro Arroyo Bonilla: Investigation and Resources. Marcius Comparsi Wagner: Conceptualization, Methodology, and Resources. Patrícia Weidlich: Validation, Formal analysis, Data Curation, and Writing—Original Draft. Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Original Draft, Visualization, and Supervision. Juliano Cavagni: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Visualization, Supervision, and Project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessandra Cardoso Nicolini.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (protocol number 3.385.792).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Cite this article

Nicolini, A.C., Rotta, I.d.S., Langa, G.P.J. et al. Efficacy of ozonated water mouthwash on early plaque formation and gingival inflammation: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. Clin Oral Invest 25, 1337–1344 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03441-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03441-y

Keywords

  • Ozone
  • Biofilms
  • Inflammation
  • Gingivitis